Download BRIEFING ON HORN OF AFRICA Presentation by the Chief

BRIEFING ON HORN OF AFRICA
Presentation by the
Chief Directorate East Africa
Amb LM Makhubela
Chief Director East Africa
18 OCTOBER 2006
Horn of Africa
Country
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Somalia
The Sudan
GDP(2005)
GDP Growth
US$708.3m
3.2%
US$1.003.2m
2.0%
US$9.810.8m
8.9%
Official statistics unavailable
US$29.6bn
8.0%
Horn of Africa
Country
Population
(2005)
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Somalia
The Sudan
7 200
4.4 m
77.9 m
11.3 m
36.2 m
Population
Growth
4.4%
3.0%
2.3
Not available
1.9%
Characteristics of the Horn of Africa
Region
• Conflict-stricken region (with the exception of
Djibouti)
• Post-conflict reconstruction and development
• On-going peace talks (with the exception of
Djibouti)
• Emerging democracies in Djibouti and Ethiopia
• Fledging economies
• High levels of poverty
• High degree of donor dependency
LEVELS OF ENGAGEMENT WITH
THE REGION
• There are two levels of engagement with
the region, namely:
- Peace , security, stability and democracy
- Socio-economic co-operation and
development
The Sudan
Recent Developments
North-South (Implementation of CPA)
– Slow progress:
1. North-South Boundaries,
2. Recommendations of Abyei Boundaries Commission,
3. Security Arrangements,
4. Wealth – sharing (oil revenue sharing)
Challenges
– Widening gap and confidence between NCP and SPLM/A
– NCP lacks political will
– SPLM/A lacks capacity and political will
– Cessation threat
– Implementation to be affected by the negative political
climate in the country + GoS stance on Darfur
– Non-engagements by other Sudan political parties
The Sudan (cont…)
Recent Developments
Darfur
– Deterioration of security and humanitarian situation (banditry,
attacks against civilians + IDPs, hijack of humanitarian
convoys)
– Slow implementation of DPA
– DPA divisive mechanism -- signatories vs non-signatories
– GoS refuse re-hatting of AMIS
– Militarisation of IDPs
Challenges
– Non-signatories to DPA
– Divisions among non-signatories to DPA
– Re-hatting of AMIS
– Offensive by GoS against non-signatories
The Sudan (cont…)
Recent Developments
Eastern Sudan
– Signing of wealth sharing and security
arrangements protocols
– Power sharing protocol to be signed
Challenges
– Negotiations on Implementation Mechanism of
peace agreement
The Sudan (cont…)
South Africa’s Involvement
• Implementation of the Capacity and Institution
Building Project (7 training programmes
implemented, current training on Justice System)
• JBC
• Contributed military and civilian police personnel
to AMIS in Darfur
• SA supports re-hatting of AMIS
• Development of a strategic framework for SA’s
assistance to CPA protagonists
• Chair of AU Committee on Post-conflict
Reconstruction and Development on Sudan
Somalia
Recent Developments
– Success of second round of Khartoum peace talks
– Assassination attempt against President Yusuf
– Ethiopian troops took control of Bur Hagaba town
– UIC took control of Kismayo port, Jowher and Balad towns
– UIC declared Jihad against Ethiopia
– AU decision to deploy troops in Somalia (IGASOM)
– Request by Somali Prime Minister for partial lifting of arms
embargo
Challenges
– Conflict between TFG and UIC
– Ethiopian and alleged Eritrean involvement
– Development of National Reconciliation Strategy
Somalia
South Africa’s Involvement
• Interaction with Parties to the conflict in Somalia
• Interaction with other role-players
• Provide advise on developments
• Support AU decisions on Somalia
Ethiopia and Eritrea
Border Dispute
Recent Developments
• Military situation in the Temporary Security Zone (TSZ) is
stable but tense
• Continued training and maintenance activities by both
Eritrea and Ethiopia in areas adjacent the TSZ
• Restrictions on UN Mission by Eritrea
• Detention of UN Mission’ LRPs and Volunteers by Eritrea
• UNMEE completed its reconfiguration plan (in compliance
with UN Security Council Resolution 1681 (2006))
• Opening and staffing of the Boundaries Commission’s Field
Office in Addis Ababa
• Restrictions on diplomats by Eritrea
• Growing political intolerance by Eritrea
Ethiopia and Eritrea
Border Dispute
Challenges
• Impasse on the implementation of the
Boundaries Commission’s decision
• Refusal to attend meetings by Eritrea
• Restrictions on UNMEE impede Mission’s
ability to effectively monitor the TSZ
• Defection by Ethiopian military personnel
Ethiopia and Eritrea
South Africa’s Involvement
• JMC with Ethiopia
• Contribution of troops to UNMEE
• Minister is the President’s Special Envoy on
Ethiopia-Eritrea Border Dispute
• Application for Humanitarian assistance for flood
victims in Ethiopia
Djibouti
Recent Developments
• Official visit to Djibouti by Business Unit
• Engaged with counterparts to increase diplomatic
interaction
• Initiated the process of finalising a general co-operation
agreement with Djibouti
Challenges
• Establish regular consultation and exchange of visits