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1. INTRODUCTION
China's relation with Sudan -> In the focus of the international
community
Human Right Movements -> Darfur region (human suffering)
No solutions
• Size of the crisis
• Cruelty of the crisis
• China’s foreign policy
Cause
OIL -> Indispensable for China’s further economic development
2. FIRST CONTACTS AND THE FIRST DECADES
Establishing diplomatic connections -> 1959
Cold War -> Third Way
For decades -> No real cooperation
Breakthrough -> in the 80’s
3. CHINESE AID POLICY
Western
aid policy
Chinese
aid policy
For exchange
Structural changes,
human right situation
Mostly raw materials
4. THE REASONS OF THE BREAKTHROUGH 1.
Sudanese Government -> „Need of a partner”
• Western oil companies had left
• Sanctions, embargos against the country
• Outbreak of the civil war
Arrival of Asian companies -> Darfur region (human suffering)
• CNPC
• Petronas
• ONGC
Start of oil production -> way out from even morse serious
economic crisis
5. THE REASONS OF THE BREAKTHROUGH 2.
2nd reason in one sentence -> China’s hunger for oil
• 3rd (or 2nd) largest economy
• average annual GDP growth rate of over 10%
• oil importer from 1993
• its proven oil reserves are small in relation to its consumption
• 2009: more than half of the country's total oil consumption coming
from abroad
For fuelling the economy, China turned towards possible oil
exporters, towards african countries as well. And the processes in
Sudan helped their ambitions.
6. OIL PRODUCTION
Oil exploration started -> 1959 by Agip
First findings -> Chevron in 1978
Western companies suspending operations during the 80’s
CNPC arrives -> Continuing explorations
• 1997: pipeline
• 1999: First export
• 2004: oil production - 304000 barrels/day
From 2006
The country’s crude oil production almost doubled
7. INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS
Criticization <-> inactivity
ICC 2008 -> accusing al-Bashir
• Genocide
• crimes against humanity
• war crimes
Western companies also helped the regime
UN inactivity -> Nearly meaningless resolutions (Help of China)
Resolution 1769: The first one which could really help
• Also weak
• Sudan is against the implementation in practice
8. DOUBLE GAME
China is now trying to have it both ways
• positive steps towards facilitating peace in Darfur (Sudan)
• be careful not to threaten their relationship
China is…
• Sudan’s closest economic partner
• the leading developer of Sudan’s oil industry and a major
purchaser of Sudanese oil
China’s heavy trade and investment in Sudan helped generate a
robust 11 percent economic growth rate for Sudan in 2006
9. THE FUTURE?
Joint UN-AU mission is not enough for solving problems
BUT!
China’s relationship with Khartoum, its potential role makes the
Asian Giant to be the one who could solve or help to solve the
problematic situations
The future is questionable -> The Sudanese regime does
everything to keep the power (election in April, 2010)
A much more energic step from China -> can be the end of the
fruitful relationship
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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