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• What percentage of food from this group? • End products of carbohydrate metabolism • Types - mono, di, oligo, and polysaccharides – fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, lignins – starch, dextrins, maltose, glucose – alcohols, methyl, propyl, isopropyl, • Function • How many servings? – Breakfast -- two – Lunch -- two – Supper -- one • Serving size -- appropriate for you • Layers of a grain -- bran, vitamin and mineral, starch and protein, germ • Importance to the diabetic -- staff of life How many servings? One, two, or three at breakfast One or none at supper Serving size Consider weight, blood sugar level, comfort Form – fresh, whole, juiced, pureed – dried, canned – cooked, uncooked • • • • • • • Resveratrol - anticoagulant Elagic acid - prevents gout, anticancer Vitamin C - antioxidant, cancer inhibition Beta carotene - anti-aging, anticancer Coumarins - prevents excessive clotting Limonoids - disarms carcinogens Plant enzymes and sterols - anticlots, anticancer • • • • Alliin Quercetin Lycopenes Flavonoids anticancer • quercetin • cyanidins • Sources Plant • Nuts • Legumes • Protein derivatives Animal • Downside of animal proteins for diabetics • Servings - grams needed daily Viruses cancer multiple sclerosis unknown Bacteria Diabetogenic factors Adverse eye factors Metabolic burden for kidneys and liver Free or combined fats? Good sources? Grams daily? What about therapeutic fats? – Vitamins, fat soluble – Mineral oil – Flaxseed, balanced oils Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose Disaccharides - sucrose, maltose, lactose Polysaccharides Fiber - cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, lignins Starch - maltose, glucose, dextrins Alcohol - methyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethyl Inositol Glucosamine Hyaluronic acid Sorbitol Saccharin sodium Aspartame dipeptide Cyclamate calcium Energy food, vitamin and mineral tagalongs Protein sparing Fat metabolism requirement Antitoxin Anti-carcinogen Cleansing and stimulating the bowel Nerve and blood vessel precursor material In one hour, $ in. of jejunum absorbs $ oz. glucose. Form of carbohydrate - sugar, alcohol, starch Mixture of nutrients, the greater, the slower Stomach irritants (vinegar, spices, black & red pepper) Alcohol Poor chewing increases HCl production in stomach as do high protein foods, salty foods, alcohol, & drugs to avoid disease Hyaluronic acid - fruits, nuts, olives, avocado Deficiency detaches the vitreous and leads to permanent floaters. Glucosamine - fruits, grains, beans Deficiency leads to skeletal disorders. Choline - beans, peas, grains; keeps tendons firm Deficiency results from refined grains, junk food, soft drinks and causes decreased appetite control, nerve disorders. to avoid disease Diabetic Neuropathy • myoinositol - cantaloupe, citrus, legumes, soybeans $ Diabetic Retinopathy • hyalouronic acid - fruits (blueberries), nuts, olives, avocados Overweight • high fiber and water content, low calorie foods Osteoporosis • boron, zinc, magnesium, water, calcium • Water drinking – thirst interpreted as hunger – highly concentrated foods • Exercise – hormone balance - GH, estrogen, serotonin • Regularity – two meals and supper for some • Appetite stimulants – refined, fermented, salty or sweet foods – coffee, spices – insulin levels, base line and after meals • overeating, snacking Choline – fruits and vegetables provide protective nutrients – variety at meals, during the week Habits – snacking, entertaining, eating out, serving size, pot lucks Disorder – surroundings, sleep, schedule • Sorbitol in apples for constipation • Polyphenols in apples, grapes, blueberries for viruses • Glycyrrhiza from licorice for infections, caries • Vinyl dithiins from heated garlic for asthma • Alliin from garlic for blood clots • Flavones from soy for the heart and cancer • Saponins from citrus for breast cancer • Indole-3-carbinol from cabbage or broccoli for warts • Adhesin inhibitor from cranberries and blueberries for cystitis