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Organic and Biochemical Compounds What Is An Organic Compound? Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bound together. Because they have four valence electrons they bind with many other elements to form branched and complex molecules. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are primarily composed of hydrogen and carbon. Since hydrogen-carbon bonds contain a lot of energy hydrocarbons make excellent fuels. Coal is Formed From Decaying Organisms. Organic debris from dead organisms falls to the bottom of the ocean and over millions of years is compressed and eventually coal is formed. Coal that has been compressed under very high pressure and temperatures becomes diamond. Diamond is the hardest natural substance on the planet Methane gas is also formed. Methane is also called natural gas Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes Alkanes Organic compounds with a single bond between the carbons. Alkenes Organic compounds with a double bond between the carbons. Alkynes Organic compounds with a triple bond between the carbons. Alcohols Alcohols have a hydroxyl group (OH) This makes them soluble in water. Alcohols and in an “ol” Ethanol Methanol CH 3CH2OH CH3OH Polymers Polymers are repeating subunits. “Poly” means many One of the subunits is called a monomer. Polyethylene- plastics (many ethanes hooked together). Natural Polymers Rubber, wood, cotton, wool, starch, carbohydrates, protein, DNA. Man made polymers are either plastics or fibers. Plastics can be molded. Fiber form long thin strands. Polypropylene can be made of both plastic and fibers. Elasticity of a Polymer is Determine by its Structure Polyethene is composed of noodle like chains. When crushed the material does not return to its original shape because it is not elastic. Bumpers of a car. Rubber is a polymer that is composed of net like structure of these fibers and is elastic. Biochemical Compounds Carbohydrates Made of repeating monomers called monosaccharide. Polymers Starch, cellulose and glycogen Proteins Made up of repeating monomers called amino acids. Trptopan, phenylalanine Nucleic Acids Made up of repeating units call nucleotides. DNA, RNA, ATP