Download Alcohols

Alcohols
By: Nick Day and Jordan Penney
What is an alcohol?
• Alcohols are a large group of organic
chemical compounds. There are many
types of alcohols, and they are all types of
hydrocarbons in which one or more of the
hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a
hydroxyl (OH).
• The four most common alcohols are
methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2propanol.
Naming
• Alcohols use the same naming format as alkanes.
• 1. Determine the parent chain. The parent chain must be
the longest that includes the carbon holding the OH
group
• 2. Number according to the end closest to the –OH
group regardless of where alkyl substituent's are.
• 3. The format is as follows: (location of branch)-(branch
name)-(location of OH group)-(parent chain)
• 4. Change the parent chain “e” ending to an “ol”. For
example butanol
Naming 2.0
• All alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional
group OH attached to alkanes.
• The general formula for alcohols is R-OH.
Where “R” represents any chain of carbon and
hydrogen atoms.
• If there is more than one hydroxyl group, it is
called a polyalcohol. They are named almost the
same as regular alcohols except you add a “di”,
“tri”, etc. before the “ol” ending. For example
ethanediol.
Properties of an alcohol
• Alcohols fall into different classes depending on
how the OH group is positioned on the chain of
carbon atoms.
• Primary alcohols are alcohols in which the
carbon atom that carries the OH group is only
attached to one alkyl group
• Secondary alcohols are pretty much the same
except the carbon with the OH attachment is
linked with 2 alkyl groups.
• Tertiary alcohols are also the same except they
attach to 3 alkyl groups.
Properties of an alcohol 2.0
• The boiling points of alcohols rise with the
molar mass of an alcohol
• For each increment of CH1 the boiling
point rises about 20°C. except from
methanol to ethanol only goes up by 12°C
• Alcohols are neutral bodies, and they have
resemblances with acids and also bases.
Properties of methanol
• CH3OH
• Also called methyl alcohol, it is the
simplest form of alcohol.
• Methanol is a colourless liquid with a
settled odour.
• It burns with a nonluminous flame.
• It is a violent poison, if it is consumed it
can cause blindness and often death.
Properties of methanol 2.0
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Melting point: -97.7°C
Boiling point: 65°C
Molar mass: 32.05 g/mol
Freezing point: -97.7°C
Boiling point: 64.6°c
Properties of ethanol
• C2H5OH
• Ethanol is also known as ethyl alcohol.
• Ethanol is a colourless liquid with a
pleasant smell
• Unlike methanol, ethanol is not poisonous.
• It is the alcohol you would find in drinks
such as beer, wine and spirits.
Properties of ethanol 2.0
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Melting point: -114.1°C
Boiling point: 78.5°C
Molecular weight: 46.08 g/mol
Freezing point: -114.1°C
Boiling point: 78.5°C
Everyday uses of alcohol
• Ethanol is the type of alcohol found in liquor,
which is what it is probably most known for.
• It is also used in a variety of other household
items, like mouthwash, perfume/cologne,
cleaning supplies, paint thinner, etc.
• Alcohol is also used at industrial levels, for
making bottles, heavy duty cleaners, sanitizers,
medicine and cosmetics.
Fermentation
• Fermentation processes from any material
that contains sugar, and then it can form
ethanol. The sugars convert into cellular
energy and then form ethanol and carbon
dioxide.
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