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Alcohol
By: Darius Gaiter, Nasya
Chaney, Taylor Robinson,
and Beth Balog
Basic Structure
Secondary
Primary
Tertiary
Characteristics
 When
alcohol is placed at normal
temperature it is often colorless and is
either a solid or liquid substance.
 Alcohol consists of both a polar and
nonpolar group of –OH.
 Classified with three different groups:
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary as long as
the “R” is attached to the structure
Nomenclature of alcohol

Methanol (wood alcohol): its named when
you look at it as one carbon atom with –OH
attached to it therefore its carbon methane,
drop the e and add ol ending to indicate that
its an alcohol.
H
|
H-C-O-H
|
H
Continued

ethanol (grain alcohol): its name is from the
name of ethane, you can look at the twocarbon-atom chain, the e at the end is
replaced with –ol because of the alcohol
functional group.
 H H
| |
H-C-C-OH
| |
H H
Continued


2-propanol (isopropyl): 2- indicates a group
attached to the second carbon and the
“propan” part tells you that the carbon chain
is three carbon atoms long. And the –ol at the
end tell you that its in the alcohol functional
group.
H
H
H
|
|
|
H-C - C - C-H
|
|
|
H
OH H
Mechanisms
 Reaction
of acid chloride with alcohol to
make an ester
Mechanisms
 Reduction
of ketones to secondary
alcohol
 Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to
ketones leads to formation of secondary
alcohols(after addition of acid)
Mechanisms
 Reduction
of aldehydes to primary
alcohols
 Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to
aldehydes leads to formation of primary
alcohols(after addition of acid)
Examples
Some examples of alcohol are:
 Propyl
 Ethanol
 Butanol
 Ethylene
 Gycol
 Glycerin
Real World Importance
Methanol (Wood Alcohol)
 Used in motor fuel, is resistant to knocking
and produces less carbon monoxide than
gas.
 Used as starting material for many types
of adhesives, fibers, and plastics.
 Highly toxic and can lead to blindness or
death.
Real World Importance
Ethanol (Grain Alcohol)
 Used in the making of alcoholic
beverages
 Can be used in cars and is frequently
mixed with gas to make gasohol.
Real World Importance
Isopropyl alcohol (Rubbing alcohol)
 Used as a disinfectant
 Extremely flammable
Multiple Choice
Questions
When Alcohol is placed at normal
temperature what type of
substance can it be?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Liquid
Solid
Liquid and Solid
None of the above
What is Ethanol used in?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rubbing Alcohol
Adhesives, fibers, and plastics
Motor Fuel
Alcoholic Beverages
What is the name of Ethane
Alcohol
A.
B.
C.
D.
2-Proponal
Methane
Methanol
Ethanol
Addition of lithium aluminum
hydride to ketones leads to
what?
A.
B.
C.
D.
primary alcohols
secondary alcohols
Aldehydes
ester
Reaction of acid chloride with
alcohol makes what?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Aldehyde
Ester
Ketones
lithium aluminum
Works Cited
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www.organic-chemistry-tutor.com/alcohols
www.chemistry-drills.com/functional-groups.php?q=simple
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topis/13366/alcohol
www.chemcases.com/alcohol/alc-02.htm
www.cliffnotes.com/study-guide/Alcohols.topicArticleID23297.articleID-23270.htm
www.dow.com/productsafey/finder/nbut.htm
http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-03/nomencla.htm
www.Masterorganicchemistry.com

http://www.idsketching.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/rubbingalcohol.jpg

http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/B/e/methanol.jpg