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Unit 1 Chapter 1: Intro to Sports Medicine & Athletic Health Care Multidisciplinary approach to health care for people seriously involved in exercise & sport Sports Medicine: the study and application of medical knowledge to aspects of exercise & injury prevention Encompasses a variety of health care professions Sports medicine and Athletic Training date back to ancient Rome The first “athletic trainers” were actually physicians working with gladiators The most famous was Herodicus of Megara** ▪ first use of therapeutic exercise for the treatment of disease and maintenance of health is credited to him Roman Empire fell and interest in athletics declined Sports medicine/Athletic Training did not emerge again until the early 20th century Many early athletic trainers were team managers who taped ankles and performed basic first aid Most were self taught and are responsible for a lot of techniques Started developing into a recognized field in early 20th century Need for rehabilitating military veterans Desire to understand & extend the limits of human performance increased during the late 19th/ early 20th century The American College of Sports Medicine was founded in 1954 Promote trained physicians as an athlete’s first contact when injured Merging of different fields with a common focus national health & fitness Sports Medicine becomes a popular term “sports medicine specialists” Marketing tool to gain new business But…they lacked training needed to provide the right kind of care for their patients True sports medicine specialists are highly trained professionals address specific needs of athletes Goal: Promote lifelong fitness and wellness Encourage illness & injury prevention Consists of two parts: Central team Peripheral team Central Team: focused specifically on the athlete The athlete The athlete’s parent or guardian The Team physician Certified Athletic Trainer Coach Peripheral Team: helps fulfill specific needs to the central team Primary care physician Student assistant Pediatrician Cardiologist Dentist Sports Nutritionist Peripheral Team Physical Therapist Sport Psychologist Athlete Primary Care Physician Athletic Trainer Team Physician Central Team Coaches Parent/Guardian Sport Nutritionist Dentist Pediatrician Cardiologist Injury prevention is primary concern cannot always prevent they must be cared for in the most efficient manner possible when they do occur The sports medicine team must work closely together to ensure that all injuries are properly managed Skills & Personal Qualities for Individuals in Therapeutic Careers Stamina and ability to adapt Empathy Sense of Humor Ability to communicate Intellectual curiosity Personal ethics Major link between athletic program & medical community for the care & safety of the athlete Communication between the ATC, parent, athlete, coach and other therapeutic professionals is essential Education Bachelors or Masters degree in Athletic Training/Sports Medicine 800 to 1500 practical hours of direct supervision in a curriculum approved program. Successful completion of NATA exam. Career settings College/University athletic departments High School athletic departments Professional Sports Teams Sports Medicine Clinics, and Physical Therapy Clinics Develop exercise routines and educate people about the benefits of exercise Teach at colleges and universities Perform research regarding the effects of exercise on the body Education Bachelors, Masters, or Doctorate degree in Exercise Physiology No licensing is currently available. Career settings Private practice gyms/fitness facilities human performance labs/research corporate fitness programs rehabilitation clinics and programs Help people with physical or emotional difficulties to overcome, correct or adjust to their particular problems. Use various activities to assist the patient in learning new skills for daily living or for preparing to return to work Treatments are designed to help the patient acquire independence and regain lost functions Physical exercises/activities to: Increase strength and dexterity Visual acuity Decision-making Reasoning Problem-solving Memory Sequencing Coordination Education Requirements Master’s degree from accredited OT program Pass NBCOT exam Licensed Physicians examine patients, order tests, make diagnoses, treat diseases and disorders, and teach preventive health physicians who specialize in the surgical treatment of orthopedic (bones, muscles and soft tissue) injuries Education Doctorate degree in medicine (successful completion of medical school) Internship Residency optional fellowship to specialize further. Successful completion of multiple board examinations. Career settings - Hospitals and Clinics Specialties available: ▪ Sports medicine ▪ Hand surgery ▪ General orthopedics ▪ Spine ▪ Pediatrics ▪ Geriatrics. Family & Team Doctor Promote life long fitness & wellness 4 yrs college (pre-med) 4 yrs medical school 3-4 yr residency 2 yr fellowship to specialize in sports medicine pass rigorous examination that covers the medical and musculoskeletal aspects of sports medicine Balance of care between family doctor & sports medicine physician provides the most complete information & treatment Physician Assistant Work as part of a team with physicians extension of a physician Education: ▪ Bachelors degree ▪ 2-3 years with an accredited PA program ▪ Pass PANCE exam ▪ 100 hrs of CME every 2 yrs ▪ Recertification exam every 6 years Physician Assistant Duties: ▪ Medical history & physical examinations ▪ Diagnose & treat illnesses ▪ Order & interpret tests ▪ Preventative health counseling ▪ Perform/assist in surgery ▪ Prescribe medications Physical Therapist (PT) Healthcare profession that helps people with many different types of medical afflictions Originally called “restorative aides” during WWI Areas of service: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Pediatrics Sports medicine & orthopedics Neurology Home health Geriatrics Aquatic therapy Wound care Women’s health Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation Work in a variety of settings Hospitals/clinics Nursing homes Schools Outpatient clinics Home environments Industrial companies Education Bachelors Degree Attend 2-3 year PT school Pass National exam Continuing education Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) Work with physical therapists to assist with patient care Work under the supervision of a PT Not responsible for initial evaluation of patient, progress notes to the doctor, or discharge summaries ▪ Note patient’s response to treatment Duties: ▪ Help develop treatment plans ▪ Documenting treatment progress Chiropractor Spinal manipulation to promote body’s natural healing process Conservative management of neuromuscular disorders for back pain, neck pain, and headaches Education ▪ 2 years of an undergraduate degree ▪ 90 hours of courses in Biology, psychology, physics, organic/inorganic chemistry ▪ 4 years of chiropractic school State licensure Pass National Board of Chiropractic Examiners’ test Continuing education courses Massage Therapist (L.M.T) Work along with physicians & other medical therapists to promote health & healing One of the oldest methods used Relieve pain & reduce stress Massage Therapist Education: ▪ High school diploma ▪ Post-secondary education is useful ▪ Anatomy, physiology, psychology, humanities, & businesses ▪ 300-1,000 hours of in-class training ▪ Recommend training at an accredited program ▪ Anatomy & physiology, kinesiology, theory & practice of massage therapy, hands-on practice, ethics & business May require passing the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist/Personal Trainer (CSCS) Apply scientific knowledge to train athletes for the primary goal of improving athletic performance Design & implement safe and effective strength & conditioning programs Guidance regarding nutrition & injury prevention CSCS Education: ▪ Bachelors degree or chiropractic medicine degree ▪ Current CPR & AED certification ▪ Pass the CSCS national exam National Strength & Conditioning Association Certified Personal Trainer (NSCACPT) Works one-on-one with clients in schools, health & fitness clubs, and even in client’s house NSCA-CPT Sports Nutritionist Develop correct diets for athletes and instruct on supplements & dietary aids Specialized diets geared towards specific athletic events can improve performance Sport Psychologist Trained in athletic motivation & performance ▪ using goal setting, imagery & other techniques to give athletes an “edge” Found in clinical, educational, private & professional settings Sports Coach Teach athletes how to compete without injury Good communication among coach, athlete, and certified athletic trainers ensures best care for all athletes Parents Should be actively engaged in prevention & treatment of their child’s injuries Can be directly involved with all sports medicine specialists, educate their children, and be active in giving proper nutrition & conditioning