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Download Preparing For Sports Emergencies
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Preparing For Sports Emergencies Preparing For Sports Emergencies Preparation is Key when ensuring appropriate resources and procedures. Planning Should Begin Well in Advance Many Factors Should Be Considered In Preparing For An Emergency. PREPARE PREPARE: emphasizes the critical elements of an emergency plan P- Personnel R-Rules E-Equipment P-Planning A-Arena R-Rehearsal E-Evaluate Personnel Who Are The Different Members Of Your Sports Team? For Example NFL vs. Small High School They Must Be identified and included in the process regardless of the size of the venue or the number of members of the team Each member of the team understands the qualifications, expertise and limitations of the other members Each Team Member Must Be Comfortable With The Capabilities And Roles OF Each Team Member Personnel Some Members May Include: Athletic Trainers EMS Physicians Hospital Staff Coaching Staff AT Students Athletics Staff Athletes Other Personnel Athletic Trainers Experts in Injury Prevention, Assessment, Treatment, Rehabilitation: Musulo-skeletal and Orthopedic Responsible for the following Assembling The Sports Emergency Care Team Developing Site Specific EAPs Ordering Necessary Equipment Ensuring That The Members of the Team are informed of the plan Conducting Regular Training and Drills http://www.wtok.com/content/news/Medi cal-personal-prepare-for-emergencies-thisupcoming-football-season-382577551.html https://youtu.be/sFocmPvWm80 Emergency Medical Services Personnel (EMS) One of the most important members of the sports emergency care team Responsible for packaging and transporting the injured athlete to the hospital What are the 3 Levels of Emergency Care Providers? Each level represents a different level of expertise in Emergency Medical Care First Responders are the most basic level of EMS training So what are first responders trained to do? How Many Hours of Training do they have to complete? Who are considered First Responders EMTs EMT-Basics (EMT-B. EMT-1, EMT-A or EMT-D) 110-120 hours of EMS Training in the following areas Assessment Airway Management Management of Respiratory and Cardiac Management Management of medical and trauma emergencies Bleeding Fractures Emergency Childbirth Administer Oxygen Epinephrine Nitroglycerine Metered-Dose Inhalers EMT-Intermediate EMT-Paramedics PHYSICIANS Athletic Trainers work under the supervision of a physician Team physicians are most involved with the development of the sports emergency care team Varying degrees of experience in handing sports emergencies depending on medical specialties and additional training https://www.orthoatlanta.com/care-providers/physicians http://www.emoryhealthcare.org/sportsmedicine/physicians/index.html http://doctorbushnell.com/ More Emergency Staff Hospital Staff ER Physicians are considered apart of the emergency care team and plan. Coaching Staff What should coaches be trained in, in order to be apart of the emergency team? What do they play a key role in managing? Athletics Staff Athletic Training Students Be familiar with Emergency Supplies, Equipment and be ready to retrieve such equipment Trained in CPR and First Aid Athletics staff, site managers, grounds crew members, and others can assist in safety, crowd control and guiding EMS to an emergency. ATHLETES How can an athlete play a role in the sports emergency team? Should be able to report all injuries and not ignore symptoms no matter how significant they may seem For example a concussion or intercranial bleeding may present mild symptoms OTHER PERSONNEL No limit to the number of those who assist within the Emergency Action Plan Not intended to be a complete list of those who will help in case of an emergency EQUIPMENT Emergency Equipment There are several types of equipment that are utilized in of course an emergency. Emergency equipment is used depending upon the situation/emergency. Those on the sports emergency team must assess the equipment that is needed depending on the venue in which they are covering Everyone (ALL MEMBERS) must be familiar with the equipment, its location, application and operation Some emergency equipment that an athletic trainer or one who is a part of the sports emergency team include: Airway Adjuncts Backboards Splints Communications Equipment Transportation Devices Resuscitation Equipment Facemask Removal Tools Diagnostic Tools Lifesaving Medications Airway Adjuncts CPR mask Bag-Valve Mask Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Airways Advanced Airway Device (laryngeal mask airway) https://youtu.be/uALM3HqtTnI https://youtu.be/vgqOrmBskaw https://youtu.be/vNvymbRD5b4 Backboards May also be called: Spine board They are considered standard equipment on an ambulance however an emergency team must have this available where there’s a higher risk of spinal injury. Suitable size must be considered What sports may have a high risk of spinal injury? A football player ≠ a standard-sized backboard Oversized backboards would be more suitable because they are wider and taller (longer) What would be a disadvantage of an oversized backboard? https://youtu.be/yttwR2b5X44 Splints Splints come in a different types and a variety of sizes Padded board splints SAM splints Air Splints Traction Splints Vacuum Splints All members of the sports emergency team should know how to use these various splints. Communication Devices CLEAR Communication is IMPORTANT IN AN EMERGENCY!!!!! Communication varies in the type of setting High School Athletic Trainers may not be present at every activity Coaches must be able to communicate should an injury occur Cellular devices are considered unreliable in an emergency (remember Ms. Clark is only one person)…. Why?!? If I can’t use my cell phone….What’s more effective? Portable radios or Walkie-Talkies Land line phones for calling 911 is important Transportation Devices All dependent on the severity of the injury or illness different methods of transportation to move the patient Crutches Wheel Chair Motorized cart for minor injuries An ambulance serious emergencies Everything should be working order Are there other modes of transportation? Medical evacuation helicopter Why would a helicopter be used? Resuscitation Equipment In the event of a respiratory or cardiac emergency, what should be used? Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Oxygen American Heart Association chances of survival from a cardiac arrest (heart attack) decrease by 10% for every minute a shock from the defibrillator Waiting for an AED at the time of emergency can decrease the chances of survival https://youtu.be/z1cyRNgzyrQ Facemask Removal Tools Athletic events that have helmets (w/removable facemask) Hockey Lacrosse Football The universal facemask removal tool FMxtractor Anvil Pruners Screwdrivers PRACTICE!!! PRACTICE!!! PRACTICE!!!! https://youtu.be/Bj0s2G77znE Diagnostic Tools Stethoscope Penlight (pupil reaction) Thermometer BP Cuff Set Pulse Oximeter Lifesaving Medications Athletes may carry prescribed lifesaving medications Metered dose inhalers Insulin Epi-Pens A spare may be required to be kept my the athletic trainer PLANNING What is a form of planning must be formulated in a Sports Emergency?!? You must consider the following: What personnel will be involved? What rules will be followed? What equipment will be available? What the arena for the event will be? When will the plan be rehearsed? How will it be evaluated? What the educational process will be in terms of informing sports emergency care providers, coaches and others? More Planning…. The person in charge of developing the EAP should ensure that everyone involved (administrators, coaches and EMS Providers) are a part of the planning process. All members should have a copy of the EAP The EAP should be posted in each venue Visiting teams should be provided with a copy of the EAP Verbal EAP can be suitable in some instances The EAP DOES NOT need to be a lengthy document MUST provide detailed instructions: who will act what actions will be taken how and where they’ll be taken Venue specific EAPs must be developed What information should be included in the EAPs for each venue ARENA A separate EAP must be designed for each venue Why? Sports emergency care personnel should identify the following prior to any event: Condition of the court or field (to identify any potential hazards) Location of emergency exits and other routes Location of ambulance or entrance where ambulance or EMS personnel will arrive Location of emergency equipment Consider how the athlete will be transported How would you take this into consideration? REHEARSAL Why is it important to rehearse? The EAP is only useful if you rehearse Frequent practice with all members must occur for the EAP to work Rehearsing a number of different types of situations will help the team Must occur before the season begins Different scenarios Why must the emergency team rehearse scenarios? EVALUATE AND EDUCATE After rehearsing and after actual emergencies, there should be an evaluation of: whether or not the EAP worked how well the team performed what unforeseen factors may have effected the incident An after-action report should be completed by the AT and shared with emergency team members (debriefing) The EAP should be evaluated throughout the year and updated as necessary Any changes to the venue, telephone number and procedure may happen over time EAP must incorporate these changes ASSESSMENT OF SPORTS EMERGENCIES Mechanism of Injury and Approaching the Athlete Proper Assessment of injury DOES NOT begin when the AT reaches the athlete All emergency team members are in a position to see the injury occur Sports medicine personnel must have an understanding of the event (game) in relation to the injury Know what to look for Pay close attention to the field of play An optimum view is important line of scrimmage vs. trailing view Make sure you as the healthcare professional are safe from harm first!!! Initial Assessment Regardless of the mechanism of injury, the AT should always assess the immediate life threatening injury first! Concussion vs. ACL Tear A victim’s mental status is determined by using the AVPU: Alert: ? Verbal: ? Painful: ? Unresponsive: ? Alert Assess whether the athlete is oriented to: Time Place Person Event The inability to recognize those things can be an indication of a brain injury Verbal The injured responds to verbal stimuli ONLY Unresponsive but responds when the rescuer speaks to them May appear unconscious but does respond to questions when asked Painful Unresponsive and doesn't respond to questions asked Responds when a painful stimuli is applied Example: Rubbing the sternum or pinching the nail bed of the person’s thumb Unresponsive Unconscious and Unresponsive to verbal or painful stimuli Initial Assessment One mental status is determined, the AT should continue the assessment ABCs Deformity Exposure OR History and Physical Examination ABC Sx3 SAMPLE Signs/Symptoms Allergies Medications Past Medical History Last Intake Events leading to the injury/illness OPQRST Severe Bleeding Onset Shock Provocation/palpation Spinal Injury Quality Region/Radiation Severity Time Adult Adolescent (11-14 years old) Child (6-10 years old) Pulse 60-100 60-105 70-110 Respirations 12-20 12-20 15-30 SBP 90-140 88-140 80-122 DBP 60-90 approx.2/3 of the SBP in adolescents and children Vital Signs Vital signs are key when determining how effectively the body is functioning Pulse *per minute: 30 seconds x 2 where do you check pulse? Respiration *per minute: 30 seconds x 2 Blood Pressure: 2 ways of taking Blood Pressure Vital signs will change with those who exercise. *skin color will be flushed if warm & sweating/ grey and whitish if cold *skin temp: cool with sweat or hypothermia, warm to hot if flushed or heat stroke sweating: present Exercising Person Pulse Faster and Stronger Respirations Faster and Deeper SBP Elevated DBP About the same Assessing Blood Pressure https://youtu.be/5TahRMklod8 https://youtu.be/E4RELD0eGYE
