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Inductance and Capacitance INEL 4075 –Chapter 7 Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol Professor Electrical & Computer Engineering UPRM Capacitors Capacitors store electrons in form of separated charge or E field. http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/led.htm Capacitance, in Farads [F] •The capacitance is C •The charge A d q Cv •The current in a capacitor dv iC dt •The voltage, cannot change instantaneously t 1 v i d C Capacitors •Energy stored in capacitor t w(t ) vi d 1 2 w(t ) Cv (t ) 2 •Parallel and Series capacitors N C tot p Cn n 1 N 1 1 tot Cs n 1 C n Electric Circuit Discharging a capacitor Charge/discharge Capacitor Piezoelectric material Chip – (integrated circuits) The 555 timer regulator pin layout (from http://www.doctronics.co.uk/555.htm) 1k C (mF) Frequency (Hz) C1 .100 111 C2 .068 170 C3 .047 230 C4 .033 348 C5 .022 490 C6 .015 718 C7 .010 1,173 What is a circuit Board? Nodes? Myth: Why is the Ocean Blue? FALSE: The ocean is blue because the sky reflection on its surface. TRUE: Water is blue. frequency spectra But you need a huge amount of it to really see its color. Look at a swimming pool as it gets deeper; even on cloudy days. http://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/OceanBlue.html Myth #2 • • FALSE: Thomas Edison, greatest contributor to Electricity and systems used today. TRUE: Nikola Tesla – greatest contributor to Electricity. Invented ac motor, perfected dc motor, invented radio transmission, (wireless) designed Niagara Falls generator, distribution systems, fluorescence lamps, remote control, wireless, logic circuits, 3 phasic and many others. Inductors Symbol • Store magnetic fields Inductors • Energy storage – inductors store energy in the form of a magnetic field • Series and parallel inductance • Initial conditions of switch circuits solenoid Inductance, in Henries [H] •The inductance is L mo N 2 A l .45d •The voltage in an inductor di vL dt d vN dt •The current, cannot change instantaneously t 1 i v d i (to ) L to Inductors •Energy stored in inductor t w(t ) vi d 1 2 w Li 2 •Series and Parallel inductors N L Cn tot s n 1 N 1 1 tot Lp n 1 Cn Electro-magnet ***Warning!! It can get HOT. Where to find this material? • http://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/cursos