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Transcript
Life Span Development Modules 4-6 Cognitive Development Piaget’s Cognitive Stages pages 63-68 Cognition all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, & remembering children think differently than adults Jean Piaget developmental psychologist theory: four stages of cognitive development the way children think & solve problems depends on their stage of development Schemas Concepts or mental frameworks that people use to organize & interpret information Example: dog, opening containers, dating How do you develop schemas? 1. Assimilation 2. Accommodation Assimilation interpret a new experience within the context of existing schemas the new experience is similar to other previous experiences Example: inviting someone out for a date Accommodation adapt one’s current schemas to incorporate new information Assimilation/Accommodation Assimilation/Accommodation Assimilation/Accommodation Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Stage Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational Age Range Description Key Developmental Events 1) Sensorimotor Stage birth – 2 years child gathers information about world through senses & motor functions (grasping, touching) key developmental event: object permanence Object Permanence awareness that things continue to exist even when they cannot be sensed evidence memory of a working 2) Preoperational Stage age 2 to 6 – 7 can understand language but not logic key developmental events: lack conservation, develop language, egocentricism, pretend play Conservation Task 1 Conservation Task 2 Candy Jars Prompt: Will the number of candies in the jar that initially contained only yellow candies be the same as the number of candies in the jar that originally contained only red candies? ______ Yes ______ No Conservation understanding that properties (mass, volume, numbers) remain the same even if you change an object’s form Conservation Conservation Conservation Types of Conservation Tasks Egocentrism inability to take another’s point of view 3) Concrete Operational Stage 7 – 11 learn to think logically & understand conservation key developmental events: conservation age 4) Formal Operational Stage age 12 – adulthood can think logically and in the abstract, can solve hypothetical problems (what if…. problems) key developmental events: abstract logic, mature moral reasoning Example of Formal Operational Thought Whenever Emily goes to school, Meredith also goes to school. Emily went to school. What can you say about Meredith? Social Development in Infancy & Childhood: Attachment pages 68 - 71 Attachment emotional tie with another person; demonstrated by seeking closeness to caregiver 3 Elements of Attachment: 1. 2. 3. body contact familiarity responsiveness Body Contact - Harry Harlow Study researched attachment in infant monkeys monkeys had to chose between: cloth mother wire mother that provided food Which do you think they chose? Harry Harlow Result: monkeys spent most of their time by the cloth mother Moral Development: Lawrence Kohlberg pages 85 -88 Lawrence Kohlberg three-stage theory on how moral reasoning develops reasoning – sense of right and wrong moral read 1st page 86 paragraph on 1. Preconventional Moral Reasoning characterized by the desire to avoid punishment or gain reward typically children under the age of 9 2. Conventional Moral Reasoning primary concern is to fit in and play the role of a good citizen strong desire to follow the rules and laws typical of most adults 3. Postconventional Moral Reasoning characterized by references to universal ethical principles that represent the rights or obligations of all people most adults do not reach this level Social Development in Adolescence page 88 - 89 Erik Erikson constructed an 8-stage theory of social development