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Transcript
Environmental Ethics Lawrence M. Hinman, Ph.D. University of San Diego 5/22/2017 Director, The Values Institute (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 1 Overview Introduction: Two Worldviews Central Questions Human-centered Approaches Expanded-circle Approaches Criteria of Moral Considerability Future Generations Predictability Models of Humans and Nature 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 2 Introduction: Two Worldviews Technological-scientific worldview – See nature as something to be manipulated Natural worldviews – Emphasize connection between humans and nature 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 3 Central Questions Who or what has moral weight, i.e., is deserving of direct moral consideration? How much moral weight does each (type of) entity have? How do we make decisions when there are conflicts among different types of beings, each of which have moral weight? 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 4 Human-centered Approaches Premise: the environment has no intrinsic value, only instrumental Ethical egoist/libertarian Group egoist Utilitarian 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 5 Expanded-circle Approaches Expanded utilitarianism – Includes animal suffering Biocentrism – All living beings are deserving of moral consideration – Eco-centrism: includes the entire earth • Individualistic: weight to each and ever being or entity • Holistic: gives weight to each species, etc. 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 6 Criteria of Moral Considerability Intrinsic value – What has value in itself? Teleology – Flourishing in the natural world Aesthetic value – Nature as object of beauty Sacredness – Nature as holy 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 7 Future Generations What rights do future generations have? Don’t yet exist Competing with actually existing persons Is it morally right to leave the next generation an environmentallyimpoverished world? 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 8 Predictability Prediction in this area is extraordinarily difficult Multiple variables Long-term calculations 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 9 Models of Humans and Nature The object-of-use model The object-of-appreciation model The non-interference model The apocalyptic model Searching for a new model 5/22/2017 (c) Lawrence M. Hinman 10