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Standard 10 a.
By: Brandi and
Jamaal
All About Plants
• Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell
walls made of cellulose.
• Plants in the Kingdom Plantae
• Plants are autotrophs
• Plants life cycles have two alternating phases, a
diploid (2N) phase and a haploid (N) phase known
as alteration of generations
• Diploid phase (2N) also known as sporophyte;
spore producing plant
• Haploid (N) phase also known as the
gametophyte, or gamete producing plant
Structure of a Plant
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Roots- help to anchor the plant in the soil
so it doesn’t fall over
Stems- support the plant; act as the
plants pluming system by conducting
water and nutrients from the roots and
food in the form of glucose from the
leaves to other plant parts
Leaves- designed to capture sunlight
which flowers use to make food through
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis- the process by which
plants, some bacteria, and some
protistans, use the energy from sunlight
to produce sugar, which cellular
respiration converts into ATP the “fuel”
used by all living things
Flowers- the reproduction part of most
plants
Seeds- an embryo of a plant that is
encased in a protective covering and
surrounded by food supply
What Do Plants Use To Make
Food?
Plants uses many different
things to make food including:
•Chlorophyll which is a green
pigment that is in leaves of
plants
•Light
•Carbon Dioxide
•Water
•Nutrients and Minerals
•In photosynthesis, plants
release oxygen into the air in
which humans and animals
breathe.
Reproduction
• Pollination- the transfer of pollen from a stamen to a pistil; starts the
production of seeds
• Stamens- the male part of the flower and they produce a sticky
powder pollen
• Pistil- the female part of the body;
• Stigma- the top part of the pistil which is often sticky
• Ovule- the base of the pistil where seeds are made
Pollination
• Plants that are pollinated by animals are often bright
colored and have a strong smell to attract the animal
pollinators
• Plants that are pollinated by wind are pollinated when
wind picks up pollen from one plant and carry the pollen
to another plant
Monocots and Dicots
• Two classes within the angiosperms: the
Monocotyledonae, or monocots, and the dicotyledonae,
or dicots.
• Monocots and dicots are named for the number of seed
leaves, or cotyledons, in the plant embryo
• Monocots have one seed leaf, and dicots have two
Cotyledons
• Cotyledon- the first leaf or the first pair of
leaves produced by the embryo of a seed
plant
What Plants Need to Survive
• Plants use the energy from sunlight to carry out
photosynthesis; plants displays adaptations shaped by the
need to gather sunlight
• All plants require a constant supply of water; plants must
obtain and deliver water to all their cells ; plants have
certain structures that limit water; as plants absorb water,
they absorb minerals
• Plants require oxygen to support cellular respiration as
well as carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis: plants
exchange gases with the atmosphere without losing
excessive amounts of water through evaporation
• Plants take up water and minerals through their roots but
make food in their leaves
Venation Patterns
• Cotyledon venation patterns are
described for 93 species
• Patterns are grouped into series
of levels of complexity according
the number of primary vein, nine,
seven, six, five, three, or one and
three vein patterns are
predominate
Question 1
1
Which student has correctly classified each plant?
STUDENT OAK
TREE
CORN
DANDELION
CARROTS
1
2
Monocot
Dicot
Monocot
Monocot
Monocot
Dicot
Dicot
Dicot
3
Dicot
Monocot Monocot
Dicot
4
Dicot
Monocot Dicot
Dicot
A. Student 1
C. Student 3
B. Student 2
D. Student 4
Answer…
D.STUDENT 4
Question 2
2
A class observes an unknown plant and discovers that the plant’s seeds
have only one cotyledon. When the class examines the leaves and the
stem, what will they MOST LIKELY find?
A parallel veins and a ring of vascular bundles
B parallel veins and scattered vascular bundles
C a netted arrangement of veins and a ring of vascular bundles
D a netted arrangement of veins and scattered vascular bundles
Answer…
B. Parallel veins
and scattered
vascular bundles
Question 3
3
A
B
C
D
Why are nonvascular plants typically smaller and shorter than vascular
plants?
Nonvascular plants use mitosis to produce cells.
Nonvascular plants use photosynthesis to obtain energy.
Nonvascular plants lack tubes to transport materials.
Nonvascular plants lack deep fibrous roots to obtain water.
Answer…
C. Nonvascular
plants lack tubes to
transport materials
Question 4
4
Study the table below. Which statement is correct?
Plant Comparison
Plant Number of Flowering Arrangement
of Vascular
Parts
1
Multiples of 3
Number
of
Tissue in Stem
Embryo
Parts
Scattered
1
2
Multiples of 4 or 5
In a ring
A. Plants 1 and 2 are gymnosperms
2
C. Plant 1 is a monocot and plant 2 is a dicot
B. Plants 1 and 2 are nonvascular plants D. Plant 1 produces seeds, and plant 2
produces cones
Answer…
C. Plant 1 is a
monocot, and
plant 2 is a dicot
Question 5
Study the leaf below.
A plant with the leafvenation pattern shown
would be classified a
A.dicot, with two cotyledons
B.dicot, with one cotyledon
C.monocot, with two
cotyledons
D.monocot, with one
Answer…
A. DICOT, WITH
TWO
COTYLEDONS
Question 6
What are the two phases of plants?
A. Gametophyte then sporophyte
B. Haploid then diploid
C. Sporophyte then gametophyte
D. Diploid then haploid
Answer
D. DIPLOID
THEN
HAPLOID
Question 7
What kingdom are plants in?
A. The flower kingdom
B. Kingdom plantae
C. Kingdom fungi
D. Kingdom animalia
Answer
B. Kingdom
Plantae
Question 8
What is a seed?
A. Nutrients that surrounds and
protects the embryo
B. An organism that is in its early stage
of development
C. An embryo of a plant that is encased
in a protective covering and
surrounded by a food supply
D. A tiny structure produced by a plant
Answer
C. An embryo of a plant
that is encased in a
protective covering
and surrounded by a
food supply
Question 9
What is the first leaf or the first pair of
leaves produced by the embryo or
seed plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dicot
Gametophyte
Monocot
Cotyledon
Answer
D. cotyledon
Question 10
Which has a single cotyledon?
A. Sporophyte
B. Monocots
C. Fuit
D. dicots
Answer
B. Monocots
Question 11
What are underground organs that
absorb water and minerals?
A.Veins
B.Leaves
C.Nutrients
D.roots
Answer
D. ROOTS
Question 12
What are plants considered?
A. Autotrophs
B. Monotrophs
C. Hetertrophs
D. green
Answer
A. autotrophs
Question 13
Are plants eukaryotes or
prokaryotes?
Answer
Eukaryotes
Question 14
What are the two types of
reproductive cells?
A. Embryos and stems
B. Nutrients and minerals
C. Sunlight and carbon dioxide
D. Gametes and spores
Answer
D. Gametes
and spores
Question 15
What are veins made of?
A. Leaves and roots
B. Stems and tracheids
C.Xylen and phloem
D.Lignin and vascular tissue
Answer
C. Xylen and
phloem