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Group 4: Flowering Plants • Angiosperms (flowering plants) • Flower = reproductive structure – Attract animals to help spread pollen – Forms fruit to protect and spread seeds • Seeds – Grow inside the fruit – Inside the seed 1. Embryo 2. Endosperm (Food supply) Seed Dispersal • Fruit brightly colored – Attracts animals • Seeds pass through animals digestive system • Seeds pooped in a new area to grow Fruit seeds in fox poop Angiosperm Groups • 2 groups: Based on seed type • Cotyledon: embryonic leaf • Two Categories: – Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf – Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves Monocots vs. Dicots Know this one Know this one Know this one ehh Know this one Apple Tree: Monocot or Dicot? 2 3 1 Net-like veins 4 5 Monocot or Dicot? 2 3 1 4 6 5 Monocot or Dicot? Monocot or Dicot? Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel Monocot or Dicot? Veins branch outward Angiosperm Life Spans • Three Life Span Types: • 1) Annuals – Seed grows… – Produce flowers & seeds… – Die • 2) Biennials – 1st year: • Seed grows and stores food – 2nd year: • grows more… • makes flowers & seeds… • dies • 3) Perennials – Live for more than 2 years – May take decades to grow fruit Flowers petals sepals • Reproductive structure of angiosperms • Sepals – outer ring of leaves – protection • Petals – Inner ring of leaves – Brightly colored to attract pollinators • Male and female organs found inside Tulip Pistil and Stamen female male Lily Pistil and Stamen female male Pistil and Stamen female male Pistil and Stamen female male Flowers • Stamen (male) – Anther: tip of stamen, produces pollen (sperm) • Carpel/Pistil (female) – Inner most part – Ovary: within the base • Contains eggs • Grows into fruit when fertilized – Stigma: sticky tip, collects pollen Self-Pollination (pollen fertilizes it’s own egg/eggs) ... Cross-Pollination (pollen of one, fertilizes egg of another flower) . .. Angiosperm Life Cycle 1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind. 1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind. 2. Animal (pollinator) finds new flower to feed on & pollen grains land on the stigma = pollination 3. Pollen tube grows towards the ovary and 2 sperm nuclei transfer down into the ovule .. Let’s egg zoom in 4. Angiosperms go through the process of double fertilization. • 1 sperm fuse with the egg = zygote • 1 sperm fuse with the eggpolar nuclei = triploid (3n) endosperm Double Fertilization Zygote Endosperm (3n) 5. Each ovule becomes a seed. Endosperm Seed Coat Embryo 6. The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit. 7. Flower dries up and fruit falls to ground. 8. Animals eat fruit….seeds come out the other end… 9. Seeds get dispersed. 10. Seed germinates (sporophyte), and the cycle starts over. Ground Dominant Phase? Plant type Gametophyte Sporophyte Moss More familiar, carpet-like plant that produces specialized gametes XX- Archegonium XY – Antheridium Stalk with cup at tip, which is where spores are produced. GAMETOPHYTE Fern Haploid plant body is size of a finger nail, produces both male and female parts More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori) SPOROPHYTE Conifer (Gymnosperm) Male gametophytes are pollen grains sperm Female gametophytes are microscopic eggs More familiar - like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores SPOROPHYTE Flowers (Angiosperm) Pollen grains are male gametophytes 2 haploid cells = pollen tube + sperm Female gametophyte in ovule egg + 2 polar More familiar - apple tree, SPOROPHYTE peach tree, zucchini, berries, etc. Contain flowers that produce male and female spores Dominant Phase? Plant type Gametophyte Sporophyte Moss Stalk with cup at tip, which is where spores are produced. More familiar, carpet-like plant that produces specialized gametes XX - Archegonium XY - Antheridium Fern More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori) Haploid plant body is size of SPOROPHYTE a finger nail, produces both male and female parts Conifer (Gymnosperm) More familiar - like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores Male gametophytes are pollen grains sperm Female gametophytes are microscopic eggs Flowers (Angiosperm) Pollen grains are male gametophytes 2 haploid cells = pollen tube + sperm Female gametophyte in ovule egg + 2 polar GAMETOPHYTE SPOROPHYTE SPOROPHYTE More familiar - apple tree, peach tree, zucchini, berries, etc. Contain flowers that produce male and female spores