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Producers • Green plants • Because green make their own plants use the food and are energy of the thus the food sun to make producers of their own food the ecosystem. they are called, autotrophs. Consumers • An organism • Consumers that feeds are also directly or called heterotrophs indirectly on producers is called a consumer. Consumers Are these examples of high level consumers? If not, what are they considered? No, cows and goldfish are primary consumers. Which of these organisms is a primary consumer? Are most humans carnivores, omnivore or herbivores? Decomposers Video • YouTube - Planet Earth Jungles (Part 4) What shape are the bacteria below; rod, spiral or sphere? Competition • When there is only a limited amount of food, water, shelter, or even light in an environment, competition occurs. • Competition is a type of relationship where organisms struggle with one another and their environment to obtain the materials they need to survive. Competition What resource are these wildebeest and elephants competing for? What resource is an issue in these photos? Space and light Symbiosis • Symbiosis is a relationship in which one organism lives on or even inside another organism. • This relationship may benefit one or both organisms or may harm one. What does this alligator get from the butterflies? Predation +/• A predator is an animal that kills and eats other animals. • The animal that is killed is the prey. • The relationship between these two animals is known as predation. Which organism is the predator which is the prey? Can you think of a few other predator prey relationships? Predator- Prey Video • YouTube - Air Jaws Super Slow Parasitism +/• In the relationship called parasitism, one partner does not benefit and is actually harmed by the other organism. • The organism that benefits is the parasite. • The organism the parasite lives off of and harms is called the host. A few examples… Some beautiful parasites, huh? What do you think will happen to these hosts? Botfly Video • Maggot Mutualism+/+ • A symbiotic relationship that is helpful to both organisms is called mutualism. • Food and protection are two common reasons organisms share such a partnership. Can you think of any mutualistic relationships? Check out a few forms of mutualism in the ocean! How is the flower benefiting? What does the bee get out of the relationship? Communalism +/0 • A symbiotic relationship in which only one organism in the partnership benefits is called communalism. • The other organism in the relationship is neither helped not harmed. Which organism is not being helped nor harmed? How could this birds large nest help smaller birds? Is this communalism? Ecological Succession • When in nature, one community is replaced with a larger and bigger one. • Pioneer Organisms – first things to populate an area. • Climax Community – the largest community that will keep going until a catastrophic change happens. Biomes of the Earth Biome Climax Flora Climax Fauna Characteristics Tundra Lichens, mosses, grass Caribou, snowy owl Permanently frozen subsoil Taiga Conifers Moose, black bear Long, severe winters, summers with thawing subsoil. Temperate Forest Trees that shed leaves Grey squirrel, fox, deer Moderate precip. cold winters, warm summers Tropical Forest Broad leave plants Snake, monkey, leopard Heavy rainfall, constant warmth Grassland Grasses Prairie dog, bison, antelope Rainfall & temp vary greatly. Strong winds Desert Drought-resistant shrubs Kangaroo rat, lizard Sparse rain, extreme temps Tundra Taiga Desert Tropical Forest Grassland Temperate Forest