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Flowers Monocots Flowers Monocots -veins in most are parallel Flowers Monocots -veins in most are parallel -flower parts in 3’s or multiples of 3 Flowers Monocots -veins in most are parallel -flower parts in 3’s or multiples of 3 -vascular bundles are scattered in a cross section of a stem Flowers Monocots -veins in most are parallel -flower parts in 3’s or multiples of 3 -vascular bundles are scattered in a cross section of a stem -stems of most monocots do not grow thicker from year to year Flowers Monocots -veins in most are parallel -flower parts in 3’s or multiples of 3 -vascular bundles are scattered in a cross section of a stem -stems of most monocots do not grow thicker from year to year -in roots bundles of xylem & phloem alternate in a circle Flowers Monocots -veins in most are parallel -flower parts in 3’s or multiples of 3 -vascular bundles are scattered in a cross section of a stem -stems of most monocots do not grow thicker from year to year -in roots bundles of xylem & phloem alternate in a circle Flowers Dicots Flowers Dicots -veins in leaves form branching network Flowers Dicots -veins in leaves form branching network -flower parts in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of 4 or 5 Flowers Dicots -veins in leaves form branching network -flower parts in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of 4 or 5 -vascular bundles of stem are arranged in a ring Flowers Dicots -veins in leaves form branching network -flower parts in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of 4 or 5 -vascular bundles of stem are arranged in a ring -stems can grow thicker from year to year Flowers Dicots -veins in leaves form branching network -flower parts in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of 4 or 5 -vascular bundles of stem are arranged in a ring -stems can grow thicker from year to year -single mass of xylem forms an “X” in root, phloem is located between arms of “X” Flowers Dicots -veins in leaves form branching network -flower parts in 4’s or 5’s or multiples of 4 or 5 -vascular bundles of stem are arranged in a ring -stems can grow thicker from year to year -single mass of xylem forms an “X” in root, phloem is located between arms of “X” Flowers Flower Structure Flowers Flower Structure -flowers are actually miniature stems that produce four specialized leaves Flowers Flower Structure -flowers are actually miniature stems that produce four specialized leaves – Sepals Flowers Flower Structure -flowers are actually miniature stems that produce four specialized leaves – Sepals – Petals Flowers Flower Structure -flowers are actually miniature stems that produce four specialized leaves – Sepals – Petals – Stamens Flowers Flower Structure -flowers are actually miniature stems that produce four specialized leaves – – – – Sepals Petals Stamens Carpels Flowers Sepals Flowers Sepals -in many flowers are green Flowers Sepals -in many flowers are green -enclose the flower bud before it opens protecting the flower Flowers Sepals -in many flowers are green -enclose the flower bud before it opens protecting the flower -all sepals together form the calyx Flowers Petals Flowers Petal -second circle of flower parts Flowers Petal -second circle of flower parts -often brightly colored Flowers Petal -second circle of flower parts -often brightly colored -all the petals form the corolla Flowers Petal -second circle of flower parts -often brightly colored -all the petals form the corolla -often used to attract insects Flowers Petal -second circle of flower parts -often brightly colored -all the petals form the corolla -often used to attract insects -because sepals and petals do not form gametophytes they are called “sterile” leaves Flowers Stamens Flowers Stamens -next circle of leaves inside the petals Flowers Stamens -next circle of leaves inside the petals -has a long thin filament that supports the anther Flowers Stamens -next circle of leaves inside the petals -has a long thin filament that supports the anther -male gametophytes are formed inside the anther Flowers Stamens -next circle of leaves inside the petals -has a long thin filament that supports the anther -male gametophytes are formed inside the anther -grains of pollen are formed on anthers Flowers Stamens -next circle of leaves inside the petals -has a long thin filament that supports the anther -male gametophytes are formed inside the anther -grains of pollen are formed on anthers -pollen divides to form 2 sperm nuclei Flowers Stamens -next circle of leaves inside the petals -has a long thin filament that supports the anther -male gametophytes are formed inside the anther -grains of pollen are formed on anthers -pollen divides to form 2 sperm nuclei Flowers Carpels Flowers Carpels -center most circle of flower parts Flowers Carpels -center most circle of flower parts -one or more carpels form the pistil Flowers Carpels -center most circle of flower parts -one or more carpels form the pistil -the ovary is the base of the pistil, the style is the stalk, and the stigma is at the top of the stalk Flowers Carpels -center most circle of flower parts -one or more carpels form the pistil -the ovary is the base of the pistil, the style is the stalk, and the stigma is at the top of the stalk -ovules are located inside the ovary Flowers Carpels -center most circle of flower parts -one or more carpels form the pistil -the ovary is the base of the pistil, the style is the stalk, and the stigma is at the top of the stalk -ovules are located inside the ovary Flowers Pollination Flowers Pollination -transfer of pollen to stigma Flowers Pollination -transfer of pollen to stigma -self pollination - pollen can fall from anther to stigma on the same flower Flowers Pollination -transfer of pollen to stigma -self pollination - pollen can fall from anther to stigma on the same flower -cross pollination - pollen must be transferred from one flower to an other Flowers Fertilization Flowers Fertilization -in angiosperms double fertilization occurs Flowers Fertilization -in angiosperms double fertilization occurs -one sperm fuses with egg to become the zygote Flowers Fertilization -in angiosperms double fertilization occurs -one sperm fuses with egg to become the zygote -other sperm fuses with 2 polar bodies to form a triploid (3N) endosperm Flowers Fertilization -in angiosperms double fertilization occurs -one sperm fuses with egg to become the zygote -other sperm fuses with 2 polar bodies to form a triploid (3N) endosperm -endosperm is the food source for the developing embryo (rice, corn, wheat) Perfect Flowers Contain both male and female sex organs Imperfect Flowers Contain only one sex on flower Staminate – Male only Pistillate – Female only