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Floriculture Test 2008 District A • 1. What percentage of the floriculture crops grown in the United States are produced in Missouri? • • • • a. b. c. d. less than 1 percent nearly 1.4 percent 5.3 percent 17 percent B • 2. The number one container-grown flowering plant produced in Missouri is the • • • • a. b. c. d. Easter lily. poinsettia. geranium. chrysanthemum. C • 3. Which is not true of a wholesale greenhouse operation? • • • • a. b. c. d. It may sell on consignment. It produces a number of different crops. It may sell to the general public. It sells to retailers. B • 4. The proper orientation for greenhouses north of the 38th parallel is • • • • a. b. c. d. ends facing north and south. ends facing east and west. sides facing east and west. orientation makes no difference. D • 5. Which is not a consideration when purchasing land for a greenhouse? • • • • a. b. c. d. purchase price proximity to roads and utilities expansion potential previous cropping history A • 6. What is the most important factor to be considered when purchasing a greenhouse covering material? • • • • a. b. c. d. light transmission longevity heat retention resistance to shattering A • 7. Exolite is one brand name available for what type of greenhouse glazing material? • • • • a. b. c. d. acrylic polycarbonate fiberglass low-E glass B • 8. Which is not a consideration when choosing a greenhouse framing material? • • • • a. b. c. d. strength ability to accept paint longevity color D • 9. The three methods used to ventilate a greenhouse are . • • • • a. b. c. d. ridge and side vents, forced-air systems, and convection tubes ridge and side vents, forced-air systems, and turbulator fans turbulator fans, forced-air systems, and convection tubes shading, roof and side vents, and forced-air systems D • 10. Which greenhouse floor materials would be easiest to keep sanitized? • • a. bark mulch • b. gravel • c. bare ground • d. concrete C • 11. Unit heaters that use combustible fuels . • • • • a. b. c. d. consume carbon monoxide consume carbon dioxide must be supplied with fresh air release oxygen into the greenhouse A • 12. A thermal blanket or "heat sheet" operates on the principle of . • a. reducing the amount of greenhouse space to be heated • b. returning warm air downward from the greenhouse attic • c. reducing the infiltration loss from the greenhouse covering material • d. allowing more light to penetrate the greenhouse and build up heat B • 13. Which is an environmental factor normally monitored by greenhouse owners? • • • • a. b. c. d. carbon dioxide level temperature oxygen level all of the choices are normally monitored B • 14. One purpose of ventilation is to decrease in the greenhouse. • a. oxygen levels • b. relative humidity • c. temperature • d. carbon dioxide levels A • 15. Which is not characteristic of monocots? • a. pith in center of stem • b. single cotyledon • c. vascular bundles scattered throughout stem • d. leaves with parallel veins B • 16. Which is not a part of the embryo of a seed? • • • • a. b. c. d. radical endosperm hypocotyls epicotyls B • 17. Where in a plant can cambium meristem tissue be found? • a. at the tips of shoots • b. in stems • c. at the tips of roots • d. just above the nodes of a monocot A • 18. An example of a plant with clinging aerial air roots would be • • • • a. b. c. d. English ivy. orchid. Swedish ivy. water lily. A • 19. Horizontal, underground stems that form roots on their lower surface are known as • • • • a. b. c. d. rhizomes. corms. bulbs. tubers. A • 20. Which is not a modified leaf? • • • • a. b. c. d. thorn tendril plumule bract A • 21. Leaves with tooth-like projections along their margins are said to be • • • • a. b. c. d. dentate. lobed. undulate. incised. C • 22. A flower would be considered imperfect if it lacked which structures? • • • • a. b. c. d. petals sepals pistil calyx A • 23. What is used to identify variations of a species? • • • • a. b. c. d. cultivar genus order subphylum B • 24. The tendency of plants to bend or grow toward light is known as • • • • a. b. c. d. photoperiodism. phototropism. geotropism. photosynthesis. D • 25. Which is not a photoperiodic response in plants? • • • • a. b. c. d. flowering tuber formation bract coloration none of the choices is correct B • 26. Which gases normally are not a part of the greenhouse atmosphere? • • • • a. b. c. d. carbon dioxide ethylene water vapor oxygen B • 27. Which of the growing media amendments is inorganic in nature? • • • • a. b. c. d. coir rock wool Sphagnum peat pine bark A • 28. Which is a physical characteristic of a growing medium? • • • • a. b. c. d. porosity pH salinity carbon: nitrogen ratio B • 29. Which primarily is used to add porosity to a growing medium? • • • • a. b. c. d. coir perlite Sphagnum peat moss calcined clay C • 30. Interveinal chlorosis of the older, lower leaves best describes a deficiency of which essential mineral elements? • • • • a. b. c. d. potassium manganese magnesium iron D • 31. Which is not an essential macronutrient? • • • • a. b. c. d. carbon nitrogen sulfur zinc B • 32. Which essential mineral elements is most likely to produce toxicity symptoms when applied in excessive amounts? • • • • a. b. c. d. magnesium copper sulfur potassium C • 33. How many pounds of actual nitrogen are contained by a 20-pound bag of 20-5-19 fertilizer? • • • • a. b. c. d. 20 400 4 5 A • 34. If plants are being fed at the rate of 200 ppm nitrogen from a fertilizer with the analysis of 2010-20, how much potassium (as K2O) is being fed at the same time? • • • • a. b. c. d. 200 ppm 100 ppm 400 ppm none of the choices is correct C • 35. Which storage conditions would best prolong the life of stored seeds? • • • • a. b. c. d. warm and dry warm and moist cool and dry cool and moist D • 36. Which are methods of overcoming seed dormancy? • a. chemical, mechanical, and anaerobic • b. stratification, scarification, and water absorption • c. aerobic, stratification, and chemical • d. heat, stratification, and mechanical C • 37. Separation of plant parts best describes which types of asexual propagation? • • • • a. b. c. d. tissue culture stem cuttings division layering D • 38. Seed germination in which the cotyledons remain underground is termed and exhibited by most plants. • a. epigeous, dicot • b. epigeous, monocot • c. hypogeous, dicot • d. hypogeous, monocot A • 39. Which types of cuttings would contain an actively growing meristem? • • • • a. b. c. d. stem tip leaf and bud leaf blade stem D • 40. Which is not a type of mouth part found on certain insects? • • • • a. b. c. d. chewing piercing rasping none of the choices is correct B • 41. Which would not be a stage in the life cycle of an insect that undergoes gradual metamorphosis? • • • • a. b. c. d. egg larva nymph adult C • 42. The physical elimination of pests from greenhouses would represent which types of pest control? • • • • a. b. c. d. chemical cultural mechanical biological C • 43. Which is characteristic of mealybug damage on plants? • a. tiny, yellow spots on foliage called honeydew • b. round, hard shells with rubbery coating on plants • c. yellow, deformed foliage with cottony masses attached • d. streaking and browning of flower petals B • 44. Which disease is least likely to affect a plant’s root system? • • • • a. b. c. d. damping off Botrytis Rhizoctonia nematodes C • 45. The most important consideration when using pesticides in the greenhouse is to • a. never apply more than one pesticide at a time. • b. clean equipment thoroughly after use. • c. always read and follow label directions. • d. never apply pesticides alone. B • 46. Most diseases of greenhouse plants are caused by which pathogens? • • • • a. b. c. d. bacteria fungi nematodes viruses B • 47. Which would a pesticide label normally not contain? • • • • a. b. c. d. first aid recommendations expiration date of active ingredient EPA classification safe reentry time C • 48. Which types of chemicals would be considered a biological control? • • • • a. b. c. d. systemic fumigant pheromone insect growth regulator C • 49. Which represents important demographic information when conducting market research for greenhouse crops? • a. income level, age, and general health • b. unemployment rate, age, and political party • c. employment sectors, population of community, and income level • d. none of the choices is correct A • 50. If labor costs $8.00 per hour and a worker can transplant 16 trays of 806 cell packs per hour, how much transplanting labor is involved with each cell pack (rounded to two decimals)? Hint: How many 806 cell packs can fit into a standard 1020 tray? • • • • a. b. c. d. $.06 $.16 $.08 $.18 C • 51. Which styles or periods of floral design places greatest importance on individual flowers? • a. Baroque period • b. Victorian era • c. Oriental style • d. Art Deco style A • 52. Which is normally not the duty of a cut flower manager? • • • • a. Buy all supplies for the flower shop. b. Oversee cleaning of coolers. c. Keeps perishable products moving. d. Manage personnel in the absence of the general manager. C • 53. Which is a potted foliage plant? • • • • a. b. c. d. gypsophila leatherleaf dracaena poinsettia D • 54. Which is not a function of a preservative added to water to extend the life of cut plant materials? • a. add nutrients to the water solution • b. contains a disinfectant to reduce or inhibit bacteria • c. contains a surfactant that allows for more water to enter the stem • d. reduce hardness of water to allow for better uptake B • 55. What is the first thing that should be done when potted plants are unpacked? • • • • a. Water immediately. b. Check for insects, disease, and damage. c. Mist foliage after opening box. d. Allow the plants to remain in the box until they have adjusted to the new temperature. A • 56. Which is used to secure flowers and materials in arrangements? • • • • a. b. c. d. floral foam Sure stick® waterproof tape chenille sterms C • 57. Florists’ #40 size ribbon is most often used for • • • • a. b. c. d. corsage construction. dressing potted flowering plants. pew bows for weddings. boutonnieres. D • 58. Which is not an evaluation criterion for proper bow construction? • • • • a. Ribbon tails are cut at an angle. b. Center loop present. c. There are at least three loops on each side. d. The bow has pick attached for easy placement. A • 59. Which are factors that affect the selection of a holding device in an arrangement? • a. material use, thickness of flower stems, and type of container • b. age of flowers, price of arrangement, and type of container • c. size of arrangement, use of arrangement, and color of arrangement • d. transport of arrangement, material used, and age of flowers A • 60. What must a designer do to prepare a wicker basket for a fresh arrangement? • • • • a. b. c. d. Add a liner. Add floral foam. Construct a grid. Lace the flower stems. C • 61. Which wiring method involves the use of a small piece of moist cotton? • • • • a. b. c. d. clutch method straight-wire method hairpin method hook method A • 62. Which is not a characteristic of a properly tapped flower? • a. The calyx of the flower should not be covered. • b. The tape has been stretched and pulled the length of the wire. • c. The tape should be difficult to pull off the wire. • d. None of the choices is correct. B • 63. Which is not an evaluation criterion for a properly foiled potted plant? • a. The foil complements the plant, especially flower color. • b. The foil is glued firmly to bottom of pot. • c. The front of the foil covers the pot. • d. The bow is inserted. D • 64. Which is a basic element of design? • • • • a. b. c. d. balance scale unity pattern B • 65. Which color harmonies include the use of two or more colors located near each other on the color wheel? • • • • a. b. c. d. monochromatic analogous complementary polychromatic B • 66. If a container is nine inches tall, how tall should the finished floral arrangement be? • • • • a. b. c. d. 9 to 12 inches 12 to 15 inches 15 to 20 inches 24 inches or more A • 67. Which is not considered a straight-line arrangement? • • • • a. b. c. d. Hogarth triangle vertical inverted-T D • 68. What is the term used to describe a contemporary flower design when groups of flowers in contrasting colors are placed closely together in a low, flat pattern? • • • • a. b. c. d. parallel new wave abstract pav’e C • 69. Which are not designs used in the ceremony of a wedding? • • • • a. canopy, unity candle, and aisle runner b. unity candle, guest book, and alter flowers c. gift table, unity candle, and guest book d. canopy, kneeling bench, and candelabra decorations C • 70. Because they emit , fresh greens used in wreath construction should not be stored in the same cooler with flowers. • • a. ozone • b. carbon monoxide • c. ethylene • d. nitrogen C • 71. The solution used to glycerinize foliage is usually made of • • • • a. b. c. d. equal amounts of water and glycerine. one part of water to two parts of glycerine. one part of glycerine to two parts of water. one part of glycerine to four parts of water. D • 72. Which is not true about the use of silk flowers in arrangements? • a. They must be prepared or bent into shape. • b. Silk flowers are available throughout the year. • c. The stems of silk flowers can be lengthened by wiring them. • d. Silk flower stems can be easily cut with florist scissors. C • 73. How is the use of dried flowers different from the use of silk flowers in arrangements? • a. A firmer, dry foam is needed for dried flowers because of their stems. • b. The foam does not need to be covered in a dried flower arrangement. • c. The stems of most dried flowers cannot be bent to a particular shape. • d. Most dried flowers are light in weight; therefore, the container should weigh less. C • 74. Which should not be done when handling complaints from customers? • a. Avoid arguing with the customer. • b. Resolve the problem as positively as possible. • c. Kindly inform the customer they are free to take their business elsewhere. • d. If unable to resolve the complaint, ask the manager to step in and handle it. B • 75. How much profit would a shop obtain from an arrangement priced at $13.50 if the 3:1 markup pricing method was used? • • • • a. b. c. d. $10.50 $9.00 $4.50 $12.50