Download 10. MP and MPM that contain phenol compounds, simple phenols

Medicinal plants and medical plant
materials that contain phenol
compounds, simple phenols and
their glycosides
Planner
1. Phenolic compounds and their
classification.
2. Biosynthesis of phenolic compounds.
3. MP and MPM containining simple phenols
and phenolic glycosides
Phenolic compounds are the substances
containing benzoic nucleus with one or several
hydroxylic groups and their derivatives. If the
molecule contains two or more hydroxylic
groups there is polyphenols.
Phenolic compounds with one benzoic nucleus
Basic
skeleton
Class
Examples
C6
Simple phenols,
Benzoquinones
Catechol, Hydroquinone, 2,6Dimethoxybenzoquinone, phenol,
pirocatechol
C6-1
Alkilphenol
Phenolic alcohol
Phenolic aldehydes
Phenolic acids
p-cresol
Saligenin
Vanilin, Salicylic
Gallic, salicylic
C6-C2
Acetophenones, Tyrosine
derivatives, Phenylacetic acids
3-Acetyl-6-methoxybenzaldehyde, Tyrosol, pHydroxyphenylacetic acid
Hydroxycinnamic acids,
Phenylpropenes, Coumarins,
Isocoumarins, Chromones
Caffeic, ferulic acids, Myristicin, Eugenol,
Umbelliferone, aesculetin, Bergenon,
Eugenin
Naphthoquinones
Juglone, Plumbagin
C6-C3
C6-C4
Phenolic compounds with two benzoic nucleus
Basic skeleton
Class
Examples
C6-C1-C6
Xanthonoids
Mangiferin
C6-C2-C6
Stilbenoids, Anthraquinones
Resveratrol, Emodin
C6-C3-C6
Chalconoids, Flavonoids,
Isoflavonoids,
Neoflavonoids
Quercetin, cyanidin, Genistein
(C6-C3)2
Lignans, Neolignans
Pinoresinol, Eusiderin,
rosmarinic acid
Polymeric compounds (polyphenols)
(C6-C3)n,
(C6)n,
(C6-C3-C6)n
Lignins,
Catechol melanins,
Flavolans (Condensed
tannins),
Polyphenolic proteins,
Polyphenols
Raspberry ellagitannin,
Tannic acid
Biosynthesis some natural compounds
p-hydroxycinnamic (p-coumaric) acid
Phenolic
acid
Acetophenones
Phenilacetate acids
reducing,
dimerization
polymerisation
+ malonat
3 molecules
Combined forms
of hydroxycinnamic
acids
oxidation
Stilbens
Lignans
Lignins
Coumarins
Phlavonoids
Pyrocatechin
Hydroquinone
Pyrogalol
Phloroglucinol
Salicine
Salidroside
Phenol
Salicylic
alcohol
Salicylic aldehyde
Physicochemical properties of phenol
glycosides
• Phenolic glycosides are white crystal
substances, soluble in water, ethanol and
insoluble in ether or chlorophorm. They can
hydrolyse while heated with mineral acids.
Obtaining
Phenolic glycosides are extracted from plants
with ethanol and methanol
Uvae ursi folia
Uvae ursi cormi
Arctostaphylos uva-ursiBearberry
Ericaceae
BAS: leaves – arbutin glicosides
(8-12
%),
methylarbutin,
hydroquinon, galic, elagic acids,
tannin (7-19 %), (+)-catechol,
ursone and the flavone derivative
quercetin.
Arbutin
Methylarbutin
Arbutin
Hydroquinon
It can be used to treat arthritis, back pain, bed wetting,
bile problems, bladder infections, bloating, cystitis, diabetes
(by removing excessive sugar from the blood), diarrhoea,
gallstones, gonorrhoea, haemorrhoids, kidney stones and other
diseases
It has a strong bacteriostatic action against
Staphylococci and E. coli
It is advised to use bearberry no more than 7-10 days at
a time.
Decoctum is the component of the
diarrhoea composition
Vaccinium vitis idaea and Chimaphyla umbellate can be collected by
mistake as Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Vitis idaea folia
Vitis idaea cormi
Vaccinium vitis idaea- Lingonberry,
cowberry, foxberry, mountain cranberry
Ericaceae
•
Medicines have diuretic and antiseptic action
and are used in treatment of cystitis,
gonorrhea, pyelonephritis and urolithiasis.
•
“Brusniver” has diuretic and nephrolitic action.
•
Leaves of lingonberry contain less tannins than
leaves of bearberry and thus can be prescribed
for people with kidney disease.
•
Inhalations and sprays from lingonberry extract
can be used for complex treatment of
pneumonia and bronchitis.
•
For treatment of stomatitis, parodontitis,
angina, chronic tonsillitis, gingivitis, mouth
ulcers the decoction is prescribed as rinsing
agent
Rhodiolae roseae rhizomata et radices
Rhodiola rosea- Golden root, roseroot,
Aaron’s root
Crassulaceae
• Liquid extract has tonic and
anti-stress action. A clinical
trial showed significant
effect for a golden rose
extract in doses 340-680
mg per day in 18-70-yearold male and female
patients with mild-tomoderate depression
Violae herba
Viola tricolor- Heartsease, wild pansy
Viola arvensis- Field pansy
Violaceae
• Herb of heartsease has
expectorant, diuretic,
diaphoretic and antiinflammation action.
• Viola is the part of diuretic and
chest (pectoral) mixes.
• In homeopathy fresh flowering
plant is used for treatment of
diathesis in babies, skin
problems and night bed
wetting
Peoniae anomale herba
Peoniae anomale rhizomata et radices
Paeonia anomala- Peony
Paeoniaceae
• Tincture of peony has
sedative effect on the
central nervous system
and used for treatment of
neurasthenia, insomnia
and neuroses.
• In folk medicinetreatment of
gastrointestinal system
diseases and epilepsy
Salicis cortex
Salix acutifolia- long-leaved violet
willow
Salicaceae
• Willow is employed as
an anti-inflammatory
in the treatment of
rheumatism, arthritis
and muscular pains
due to the high
content of salicylic
acid
Rubi idaei fructus
Rubus idaeus- raspberry Rosaceae
• From fruits we can do a
tincture with diaphoretic
and diuretic action which
can be used to treat
infection diseases and
high temperature.
• Syrup is very tasty and
used to correct the taste
of medicines
Cynarae folia et anthodia
Cynara scolymus- Artichoke
Asteraceae
• Leaves and/or stems are
used to increase bile
production, have
cholegogic, diuretic,
hepatoprotective action.
Induce the metabolism of
cholesterol and lipids in
blood.
• Extract, tincture, Cynarin
(increases bile flow),
Chophytol.
Filicis maris rhizomata
Dryopteris filix-mas- Male fern
Dryopteridaceae
( Aspidiaceae)
• Extracts of male fern
were traditionally
employed as
taenicides, particularly
for tape worms, but
safer drugs are now
available and used in
preference
Other types of fern can be collected by
mistake-lady fern and ostrich fern