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Transcript
Land Plants vs. Aquatic Plants Land Plants • Vascular – They have “veins” that transport nutrients between leaves, roots, stems – The veins are actually vascular tissue called xylem and phloem Veins that carry water/nutrients • Xylem: carries water from roots to other parts of the plant • Phloem: carries sugar and nutrients from leaves to the rest of the plant – Why would sugar come from leaves? • Photosynthesis takes place mostly in leaves • (Photosynthesis uses sun and CO2 to make sugar and O2) carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen Parts of a Plant leaf fruit flower seed stem roots Leaves • Main photosynthetic organ (why?) – Collects the most sunlight cuticle upper epidermis palisade cells lignin xylem phloem lower epidermis spongy cells guard cell stoma Flowers/Fruits/Seeds • reproductive organs • flower petals are modified leaves that attract pollinators • hold seeds • dispersed to help the plant grow in new places Stem/Roots • the stem holds up and support the plant; it also has vascular bundles of xylem and phloem • roots anchor the plant in the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the ground • What is the most important thing for a plant? light • Where would be the best place in the ocean for plants and other photosynthetic organisms to be? near the surface Zones • Because light is so important to life, the ocean is separated in zones based on the amount of light that penetrates to that depth • photic means light • eu means good • dis means poor • a means no Aquatic Plants • What do you think are some advantages and disadvantages to living in or near freshwater and saltwater? Seagrasses • evolved from land plants • horizontal stems called rhizomes • very small flowers because… • they don’t need to attract pollinators • why not? Salt Marsh • A salt marsh is an area that is partially flooded at high tide Salt-Marsh Plants • Cordgrasses (halophytes- salt tolerant plants) – actually in grass family unlike seagrasses – not marine; just tolerant of salt – help protect areas from erosion – provide habitat and breeding grounds – only get covered by salt water at high tides – salt glands in leaves excrete salt salt excreting from leaves Mangroves • trees and shrubs that live on shores • land plants tolerant of salt • create mangrove forests • thick leaves to reduce water loss; also excrete salt •seeds grow for a little while on parent then drop into the sediment below Pneumatophores • specialized root extensions to help mangroves get extra oxygen because the mud they grow in doesn’t have enough • mangrove roots beneath water provide shelter for many types of organisms