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LIPIDS
Characteristics of Lipids
• Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
• More than 2 Hydrogens for each Oxygen
• Includes fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steriod hormones and
cholesterol
• Triglycerides are neutral fats.
• Energy storage molecules
• Triglycerides are 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol.
A Triglyceride
• 3 Tails of Fatty
Acid are attached
to One glycerol
molecule.
Triglyceride
Fork-like shape:
Glycerol
A Representative Fatty Acid
Saturated Fat
• Saturated fats are solid
at room temp.
• All C-C bonds are
single bonds.
• Carbons are
“saturated” with
Hydrogens.
Examples of Saturated Fat
Unsaturated
Fatty Acid
Saturated
Fatty Acid
Unsaturated Fats/OIL
• One or more C=C
bond.
• Less Hydrogen, some
Carbons are
unsaturated with H.
• Liquid at room temp.
• Oils
Dehydration Synthesis of a Fat
Phospholipid Facts
• Polar Phospholipids make up most of a cell membrane
• Made of a polar “head” with a + AND - charge
• With 2 non-polar fatty acid tails
A Phospholipid
• A phosphate group
• 2 Fatty Acids
• Polar phosphate end is hydrophilic (water
loving)
• Non-polar lipid end is hydrophobic (water
hating)
Waxes
• Plants make a waxy coating to protect
leaves from drying out.
• Bees make wax for a building material.
Store honey and eggs in wax honey comb.
Steroid Hormones
• Cholesterol plus a
special molecule
called a “functional
group”.
• <<< Cholesterol.
• Hormones are
chemical messengers
in the blood
Examples of Steroids
• Testosterone: male sex
hormone
• Progesterone and
Estrogen: female sex
hormones
• Cortisone: regulates
growth and body
functions