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AGEH 27: Evergreen Ornamentals
Fall 2013, Oct. 31 field trip
Shasta College Arboretum
&Campus
Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedar
long scale-like leaves,
duck-bill cones
Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedar
flat, erect branches
reddish fibrous bark
Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedar
Cotoneaster lacteus
milkflower cotoneaster
rose family, Rosaceae
Cotoneaster lacteus,
milkflower cotoneaster
• graceful arching habit, medium to large shrub
• best as informal hedge; can be pruned up into small
tree with weeping habit
• ID: leaf is spoon-shaped, smooth and shiny above,
white and felty beneath
Cotoneaster lacteus
milkflower cotoneaster
• ID: white flowers,
red berries, no
thorns
• ID: leaf is
obovate, entire,
smooth and
shiny above,
white and felty
beneath
Cotoneaster lacteus
milkflower cotoneaster
• seeds around campus so
may become a pest
• Naturalized as invasive
plant of California coat
Juniperus sabina ‘Tamariscifolia’,
tam juniper
cypress family, Cupressaceae
Scale leaves & awl leaves both
Branchlets erect
Juniperus sabina ‘Tamariscifolia’,
tam juniper
cypress family, Cupressaceae
• V-shape
branching; (like
muskox horns)
• Often have odor
of cat urine
Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape
barberry family, Berberidaceae
Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape
barberry family, Berberidaceae
• Native to California &
Pacific NW as forest
understory plant
• resists oak root
fungus, best with
partial shade in
hottest climates, little
water needed
Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape
barberry family, Berberidaceae
• leaves pinnately
compound, with 5-9
spiny-margined
leaflets, bronzy in
winter
• yellow flowers in early
spring followed by
blue grape-like fruits,
edible and attractive
to birds;
Sequoia sempervirens
Coast Redwood
Coast Redwood
linear leaves, small woody
cones
Sequoia sempervirens, coast redwood
Linear or awl-like leaves,
small woody cones
Baccaris pilularis
Coyote Bush
Baccaris pilularis
Coyote Bush
• Native to Northern
California
• Adapts well to a wide
variety of climates
• Needs monthly water
inland
• Low maintenance
cover
• Shear in early spring
before new growth
starts
Buxus sempervirens
English Boxwood
Buxus sempervirens
English Boxwood
• Native to Europe,
Africa and Asia
• Can be clipped into a
classic hedge
• Easy to grow
• Dies out in alkaline
soils
Ceanothus species & cultivars, CA wild lilac
buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus ‘Frosty Blue’
Ceanothus ‘Concha’
Ceanothus species & cultivars, CA wild lilac
buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae
• Important group of
native California shrubs;
most are small-leaved
evergreens with fragrant
blue flowers
• Drought-tolerant; need
good drainage--and do
not overwater
Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’
The myth of Ceanothus being short lived is primarily spread by incompetent
gardeners that insist on drip irrigation, summer water and soil amendments.
California native plants hate all three.—Las Pilitas Nursery webpage
http://www.laspilitas.com/groups/ceanothus/california_ceanothus.html
Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca Pendula’,
Weeping blue Atlas cedar, Pine family
True cedars—the genus Cedrus
deciduous, upright cones, needles
clusters on short side shoots
Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca Pendula’,
Weeping blue Atlas cedar, Pine family
• The true cedars, have needles in tufted
clusters(clustered on a short side branch);
cones fall apart leaving a spiky core
• Native to North Africa
• Deep rooted and drought tolerant;
branches break in heavy snows
• ID: needles under 1 in long, bluish green,
many varieties
• ‘Glauca Pendula’ a blue, weeping form
Cones of true cedars (Cedrus)
Female (young,
green, on the
left)
Male (brown,
papery, on the
right)
Mature cones of true cedar
• All the cone
scales fall off,
carrying the
seeds away,
leaving only the
central axis
(spike)
Choisya ternata,
Mexican orange, mock orange,
Rutaceae (citrus family)
Choisya ternata,
Mexican orange, mock orange,
Rutaceae (citrus family)
•evergreen shrub,
•needs afternoon shade,
moderate water, hardy to
15 degrees F,
•likes acid soil,
•cut freely when in bloom
to force new growth
•Leaf palmately
compound
Cinnamomon camphora
Camphor Tree
Cinnamomon camphora
Camphor Tree
• Native to Asia
• Aromatic leaves smell
like camphor when
crushed
• Though evergreen
drops leaves in
spring, flowers, fruits
and twigs later.
• Plant where litter is
not a problem
Cryptomeria japonica,
Japanese cryptomeria
cypress family (Cupressaceae)
Cryptomeria japonica,
Japanese cryptomeria
cypress family (Cupressaceae)
• Resists oak root
fungus
• National tree of Japan
Eucalyptus cinerea
silver dollar tree, Argyle apple
myrtle family, Myrtaceae
cut back to
get round
juvenile
leaves
Eucalyptus cinerea
silver dollar tree, Argyle apple
myrtle family, Myrtaceae
Frangula californica
Coffeeberry
Frangula californica
Coffeeberry
• Native to California,
Oregon and Arizona
• Attracts bees
• Tolerant of pruning
and shaping
• Not fussy about soil
• Full sun or partial
shade
• Once established
does not need
irrigation
Gardenia augusta, gardenia
coffee family, Rubiaceae
•Very fragrant flowers, shiny green
leaves
•Gardenias in general need
afternoon shade in Redding (north
or east exposure),
• hardy to 20 degrees, but need
warm night temps to set flowers (60
degrees F).
•Hard to grow in adobe or alkaline
soils
•Treat chlorosis with Epsom salts
Laurus nobilis, sweet bay
laurel family, Lauraceae
Laurus nobilis, sweet bay
laurel family, Lauraceae
Mediterranean native
broad-based evergreen
arborescent shrub
likes good drainage
good in large pots
culinary herb—’bay leaf’
To rest on one's laurels
Meaning To be satisfied with one's
past success and to consider
further effort unnecessary.
Origin The laurels that are being
referred to are the aromatically
scented Laurus nobilis trees or,
more specifically, their leaves.
A 'laureate' was originally a person
crowned with a laurel wreath. We
continue to call those who are especially
honored ‘laureates’ as in ‘Nobel
Laureate’ and ‘Poet Laureate’.
Olea europea, olive
olive family, Oleaceae
•Classic Mediterranean look
•If you aren’t going to harvest
the fruits, plant a fruitless
variety
Olea europea, olive
olive family, Oleaceae
•Opposite, entire,
lanceolate leaves, paler
underneath
•Small fragrant 4-lobed
flowers
•Fruit is a drupe; edible
after curing
•Trees will live a very
long time
Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine,
pine family
• Large tree, 3-needled,
prickly cone, jigsaw
puzzle bark
• “Prickly ponderosa and
gentle Jeffrey”
• Best native pine for
valley and foothill
gardens (tolerates
water)
Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine,
pine family
Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine,
pine family
Jigsaw
puzzle
bark
Pinus sylvestris
Scot’s or Scotch pine
pine family, Pinaceae
Pinus sylvestris
Scot’s or Scotch pine
pine family, Pinaceae
2 needles, cone
points back toward
trunk; tough, even
without water;
picturesque, with
red coloring along
underside of trunk;
used as Christmas
tree
Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine,
Pine family, Pinaceae
Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine,
Pine family, Pinaceae
• 2-needled pine,
irregular overall
shape, needs
water here
• Often used in
Japanese
gardens (many
special forms),
can be sheared,
trained, used for
bonsai
Pinus thunbergii,
Japanese black pine
• ID: middle-sized cone
unarmed (no prickle on
umbo), with “pressed
glass” diamond pattern on
tips of cone scales
• 2 needles per bundle
Training Japanese
black pine: candles
To train:
Control size by cutting
“candles” in spring
Use weights or heavy wire to
shape branch structure
http://botanysaurus.com/jg/pinecare.html
http://www.evergreengardenworks.com/pines.
htm
Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel,
rose family, Rosaceae
Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel,
rose family, Rosaceae
• native to S. Europe
• alternate, leathery,
glossy green leaves
• needs shade here, little
water once established,
• make selective cuts to
prune
• Vigorous--a pest in
Pacific NW
Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn
rose family , Rosaceae
Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn
genus sometimes spelled “Rhaphiolepis”
• ID: no thorns
• Leaves finely serrate,
ovate
• Flowers & fruits in flattopped or rounded
clusters; flowers white to
pink
• Fruit a BLUE-PURPLE
pome
Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn
rose family , Rosaceae
Usually grown as low
hedge or specimen shrub
but sometimes bigger
Umbellularia californica
California Bay
Distribution
of Umbellularia californica
Umbellularia californica
California Bay
• Leaves can be
substituted for Sweet
Bay
• Grows best and
fastest in deep soils
with regular water
• Often afflicted with
sooty mold resulting
from scale or aphid
infestation
• Main host of
Phytophthora
ramorum, the fungus
that causes Sudden
Oak Death
• In infected area,
growing CA Bay within
35 feet of oaks will
likely result in their
infection and death
• Do not transport wood
from infected area to
other areas of the
state