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Below Species Ranks • subspecies - a population of several biotypes forming a more or less distinct regional group of a species - primarily a geographical race or ecotype • variety - a population of one or several biotypes, forming more or less distinct local groups of a species - primarily local race, or ecotype of very small habitat - many people feel this term shouldn't be used as it is too uncertain what it means • form - a population of one or several biotypes occurring sporadically in a species population in one or several distinct characters - a genetic variant mixed in with other distinct genetic variants - may be variation in flower color or secondary chemical compounds • cultivar - a form or race of a plant found only under cultivation Pitcher Plant - Sarracenia rubra subsp. gulfensis Pitcher Plant - Sarracenia rubra subsp. wherryi Acer rubrum – Red Maple Aceraceae Acer rubrum var. rubrum Acer rubrum var. trilobum Rosaceae Peach Prunus persica var. persica Nectarine Prunus persica var. nectarina Violaceae Two forms of Viola palustris – blue-runner violet Solonaceae Several cultivars of the tomato – Lycopersicon esculentum Geology of Illinois Garden of the Gods – Shawnee Hills Apple River, Near Galena Mississippi Palisades, Savannah, IL Rockford, Illinois Starved Rock State Park Major cycles of variation in temperature Causes of 100,000 year cycle in temperature variation Earth during Wisconsinian glaciation Exposed glacial till Glacial Drift at Fox River Stone Company – St. Charles, IL – 100 feet of drift over bedrock Illinois River Valley Prairie pothole ponds and marshes Glacial erratic in Alberta Exposed Loess Deposit Glacial Landscape – Cross-section Mean Monthly Temperatures – Urbana, Illinois Cyclical climate and ecological change at Billy’s Lake, MN • 10,000 to 8020 BP - jack pine, red pine forest with some oaks • 8020 to 3400 BP - grassy prairies with sage (5000 to 4000 BP) and with oak after that • 3400 to 1000 BP - deciduous forest - oakgrass to oak-birch to birch-hornbeam • 1000 BP to present - pine forest - birchwhite pine
