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Transcript
Climate and Weather Text pages 31 to 39 So far in this chapter, we’ve learned about: • The earth and its various layers. • Landforms and how they are created The other major factor of Canada’s geography that affects all Canadians and their sense of identity is our climate. Important Terms Meteorology – the science of weather Climate – patterns of weather conditions over a long period of time. Ex. In Atlantic Canada, winters are long and snowy. Weather – the weather conditions outside right now. Ex. It is windy and cold today. What factors make weather? • With a partner brainstorm for a list of factors that make weather: Global Factors that Influence Climate and Weather Latitude • • Latitude = horizontal lines around the globe. Ex. Equator Areas closer to the equator get more direct sunlight than places farther away, hotter. Air Masses and Winds • Air masses over bodies of water or areas of land take on their characteristics. • Examples: – – – – Maritime Tropical: warm water makes the air warm and moist Maritime Polar: cold water makes air cold and moist Continental Arctic: cold land makes the air cold and dry Continental Tropical: desert makes the air hot and dry Jet Stream • A constant prevailing wind that blows from west to east. • This stream of wind blows at an altitude of 8,000 to 15,000 feet above the earth. Ocean Currents • Ocean currents move warm and cool water around the world. • Air temperature passing over the ocean changes with water temperature. • Both form convention currents. Convection Currents https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu_Ga0JYFNg Storms • Winter storms occur when Maritime Tropical air masses clash with Continental Arctic air masses. Clouds and Precipitation Regional Factors that Influence Climate and Weather: Altitude • • The height of something above sea level. Air temperature drops as altitude increases. Bodies of Water • • Water heats up more slowly than land but retains its heat for a longer period of time. In the winter, the air is warmed by open water (water that is not frozen). In the summer, cool air from the water cools the land. • Example: Saint John Mountain Barriers • • • • Mountains are barriers that cause warm air to rise then cool down. As this air cools down, it falls as rain or snow. The windward sides of a mountain tend to be wetter than the leeward sides (the sides sheltered from the wind). Rain Shadow – the area on the leeward side of a mountain that receives little precipitation. Climate Regions Text page 37 • What is a climate region? – An area that experiences similar weather conditions within its boundaries throughout the year. • Climate is divided into 5 regions based on annual temperatures and precipitation through out the year, and the vegetation that grows there. Climate Regions of Canada A – Tropical climates • Canada does not have any tropical climates B – Dry climates • Can be warm or cool C – Warm, moist climates • Warm, humid summers and mild winters D – Cool, moist climates • Makes up 70% of Canada E – Polar climates • Very cold and dry, it makes up 25% of Canada Map work • Color in the Climate regions of Canada • Make sure to include a legend for your colors. • Refer to page 37 in text. Why Seasons? Extreme weather! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjy7FCK0Aoo In your notebook answer the following: 1. What is the difference between climate and weather? 2. Describe a Maritime Tropical air mass. 3. Describe a Continental Arctic air mass. 4. What is a climate region? 5. How do you think climate influences where Canadians choose to live?