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Download Intro to Ecology
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Ecology Study of organisms and their interaction with each other and the environment Levels Biosphere Everywhere on the planet that supports life Biome Group of ecosystems with same climate and dominant communities Ecosystem • Biotic and abiotic factors in a particular area Examples of… • Abiotic Factors • Biotic Factors • Nonliving • Ex. Rocks, water, temp. • Living or once living • Ex. Deer, dead leaves Community • All living things in an ecosystem Population • One species in an ecosystem Niche • Role or job of an organism Habitat • Place where organism lives ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS -Used to show relationships among trophic levels of food chains. WHAT USUALLY DECREASES AS YOU GO UP THE PYRAMID? 1. Number of organisms - More blades of grass than rabbits, more rabbits than foxes. 2. Biomass - Total dry weight of organisms at each level of the pyramid. 3. Energy - energy is lost as you move up the pyramid due to metabolism of the plant /animal below. 10% energy continues to next level. CHANGES IN THE ECOSYSTEM CAUSE CHANGES IN THE PYRAMID - BUT THESE WILL EVENTUALLY BALANCE THEMSELVES OUT. Example: Drought Example: Disease in the Herbivore Example: Shortage of predators Symbiosis • Relationship between two species living closely together • Three types 1. Parasitism • One benefits, other is harmed 2. Mutualism • Both benefit Commensalism • One benefits, other not affected
