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Section Outline Section 4-2 4–2 What Shapes an Ecosystem? A. Biotic and Abiotic Factors B. The Niche C. Community Interactions 1. Competition 2. Predation 3. Symbiosis D. Ecological Succession 1. Primary Succession 2. Secondary Succession 3. Succession in a Marine Ecosystem Go to Section: Abiotic and Biotic Factors Section 4-2 Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors ECOSYSTEM Go to Section: Abiotic and Biotic Factors Section 4-2 Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors ECOSYSTEM Go to Section: What is a Niche? video Niche- the range of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive. Go to Section: Competition Results when organisms go after the same resource Competition results when niches overlap Go to Section: Figure 4-5 Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches Section 4-2 Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Spruce tree Resource Division (partitioning) Go to Section: Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches • Competitive exclusion- different species cannot occupy the same niche Go to Section: Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 53.2 Character displacement is the tendency for characteristics to diverge (become different) – Hereditary changes evolve that bring about using different resources Fig. 53.4 Go to Section: Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Symbiosis When different organisms live closely together Go to Section: Commensalism One organisms benefits and the other has no effect Go to Section: Mutualism Both organisms benefit Go to Section: Parasitism One organisms benefits, the other is hurt Go to Section: