Download 10/31 - Fairfield Faculty

Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Week of
Oct. 27
Week of
Nov. 3
Exam 2
no OH
no OH
Forest ecology lab – dress for weather
Week of
Nov. 10
Independent project analysis
Week of
Nov. 17
T lab switch?
River ecology lab – dress for weather
Lab
Exam
1
For exam:
- Chaps. 6,7,8,13
- Chap. 14 – only equations and concepts we
talked about in class
- Chapter 15 – only through p. 302.
Lab open for counting Lemna every day 10 - 4
2
Structure of course
Environmental variability
Organisms
Ecosystems
Populations
Species interactions
Communities
Applied Ecological Issues
3
Species interactions
Introduction
Consumer/resources interactions
(predation, herbivory, parasitism)
Competition
Mutualism
4
Change in pop. size of one species has
an effect on growth rate of other
species
5
Species interactions
Introduction
Consumer/resources interactions
(predation, herbivory, parasitism)
Competition
Mutualism
6
Consumer/resource interactions
-
Consumer
Resource
+
Arrows represent effect on growth rate
7
Consumer
Resource
Predator
Prey
Parasite
Host
Herbivore
Plant/algae
Detritivore
Dead organic
matter
8
Consumer form and function tied to
their diet
Examples??
9
Consumer/resource interactions
1. Predation
2. Herbivory
3. Parasitism
4. Dynamics of C/R interactions
10
Given that predators have adaptations
that allow them to capture prey,
why don’t predators drive
their prey extinct?
11
12
100%
6,000
Cicada mortality
due to predation
Live cicadas per 1,000 m2
Periodical cicadas
3,000
0%
0
May 15
May 30 June 15 June 30
Decline due to thunderstorm
13
The predator’s
predator
-
Predator
Prey
+
14
Consumer/resource interactions
1. Predation
2. Herbivory
3. Parasitism
4. Dynamics of C/R interactions
15
Given that herbivores have adaptations
that allow them to exploit resource,
Why don’t herbivores drive
plants extinct?
Or
Why is the world green?
16
17
Spatial refuge
Figure 17.1
18
Index of cone production
Production of population
not individuals
Cost
19
Consumer/resource interactions
1. Predation
2. Herbivory
3. Parasitism
4. Dynamics of C/R interactions
20
How is a parasite different from a predator?
21
Parasites are incredibly diverse
Examples?
22
Parasites on wood mice
On skin – 1 sp. tick. On fur – 12 sp. of mites,
1 sp. tick, 11 sp. fleas, 1 sp. lice. In stomach
– 1 sp. roundworm. In small intestine – 3 sp.
roundworms, 3 sp. flatworms, 2 sp.
flagellates, 1 sp. ciliate, 1 sp. amoeba. In liver
– 1 sp. tapeworm. etc.
47 species not counting bacteria and viruses
23
24
Challenges for a parasite
25
Figure 17.14
26
pillbug = intermediate host
tapeworm in a crow
tapeworm changes
pillbug behavior
27
Challenges for a parasite
2. overcoming host defenses
28
Consumer/resource interactions
1. Predation
2. Herbivory
3. Parasitism
4. Dynamics of C/R interactions
29
Dynamics of consumer/resource interactions
Consumers can reduce resource populations
Examples of cycles
Models of consumer/resource interactions
30
Figure 17.18
Effect on growth rate
31
Figure 18.3
32
33