Download Ecology Notes 1

Ecology Notes 1
Whale Book Chapter 2.1
1. What living things are found in and around
2.
3.
4.
5.
your school?
What nonliving things are found in your
school?
Into what large groups are the students in
your school divided?
Into what smaller groups are these large
groups divided?
Are these groups ever divided into even
smaller groups? If so, what are these
groups?
What is ecology?
• Ecology is the study of the relationships
between living things and their
environments.
What is the organization of
living things?
tissues
organs
organ systems
molecules
cells
groups of cells
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biome
biosphere
What is the organization of living
things?
•population
• A group of the same species of organism
living in the same place at the same time
• ex.- tree frogs living in the woods behind
the school
• ex.- mockingbirds in my neighborhood
•community
• The different populations that live in the
same place at the same time
• ex. frogs, rabbits, squirrels, &
mockingbirds in the woods behind the
school
•ecosystem
• An ecosystem is a collection of all the organisms
•
•
•
that live in a particular place, together with their
nonliving, or physical, environment.
Within an ecosystem, there are several levels of
organization.
The school and its grounds are similar to an
ecosystem.
Ex. frogs, rabbits, squirrels, mockingbirds,
water, & rocks in the woods behind the school
•biosphere
• all ecosystems on Earth
• Includes the land, water, & air where life
exists
• (from 11 km below sea level up to 8 km
above it)
What kinds of factors affect
ecology?
abiotic factors
and
biotic factors
Abiotic factors
• nonliving factors in an ecosystem
• ex. temperature, water, light, minerals
Biotic factors
• living factors in an ecosystem
• ex. intraspecific & interspecific interactions
between organisms
• Intraspecific- between members of the
same species
• Interspecific- between members of
different organisms
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
How does an abiotic factor affect food production? Green plants carry out the
process of photosynthesis. Glucose, a sugar, is one of the products produced
during this process. Thus, glucose production can be used as a means for
judging the rate at which the process of photosynthesis is occurring. Examine
the following graph of a plant called salt bush. It shows how this plant’s
glucose production is influenced by temperature.
1. Name the abiotic factor influencing photosynthesis and describe the influence of this factor
2.
3.
4.
5.
on photosynthesis.
Name the biotic factor being influenced.
Based on the graph, describe the type of ecosystem this plant might live in. Explain.
Does the graph tell you how the rate of photosynthesis might vary for plants other than the
salt bushes?
Hypothesize why the formation of glucose drops quickly after reaching 30°C.
What is a habitat?
• The area where an organism lives is called
its habitat.
• A habitat includes both biotic and abiotic
factors.
What is a niche?
• A niche is the full range of physical and
biological conditions in which an organism
lives and the way in which the organism
uses those conditions. (its job, or way of
life)
• type of food the organism eats, how it
obtains this food, and which other species
use the organism as food
• when and how it reproduces
Summary video clip 1 and 2
Symbiosis
• Any relationship in
•
which two species live
closely together;
“living together.”
Ex- mutualism,
parasitism,
commensalism
• Video clip
Ecological Relationships handout
Community Interactions
Mutualism
Commensalism Parasitism
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