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CLICKER QUESTIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 24 The Origin of Species Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style Questions prepared by Jung Choi Georgia Institute of Technology Michael Dini Texas Tech University © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Biological Species Two animals are considered members of different species if they _____. a) are members of different populations b) cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring c) are geographically isolated d) live in different habitats e) look different © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Biological Species Cynotilapia afra, introduced at West Thumbi Island in Lake Malawi in the 1960s, has split into two genetically distinct populations, located at the north and south ends of the island. How can scientists determine whether these populations are now different species, according to the biological species concept? a) See whether the two populations are morphologically different from each other: coloring, bone structure, and so on. b) Determine whether captured individuals from the two different populations will mate and produce offspring in a laboratory fish tank. c) Determine whether individuals from one population will interbreed with individuals from the other population when introduced into each other’s native habitats. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Phylogenetic Species According to the phylogenetic species concept, what is a species? a) a clone of genetically identical organisms b) a population that is physically able to mate even if there are no offspring or the offspring are infertile c) a population that interbreeds and produces fertile offspring d) a set of organisms with a unique genetic history e) a population with a distinct fossil record © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Mechanism of Reproductive Isolation If the two populations of C. afra at West Thumbi Island have different striping patterns, what might be a likely mechanism contributing to speciation? a) polyploidy b) female mating preferences c) differing habitat preferences d) temporal isolation e) mechanical isolation © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Species Concepts Which species concept is least useful for classifying prokaryotes? a) biological species concept b) phylogenetic species concept c) ecological species concept d) morphological species concept © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Adaptive Radiation Cichlids in Lake Victoria are thought to have diversified from a relatively few species to 600 hundred species in about 12,000 years (the last time the lake dried up). What is the best way to test this hypothesis? a) Examine the fossil record in lake sediments. b) Look for morphological characteristics shared among Lake Victoria species that are distinct from the species present in other lakes. c) Look for genetic characteristics shared among Lake Victoria species that are distinct from species present in other lakes. d) This is not a testable hypothesis. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Mechanisms of Adaptation In vertebrate radiation, exemplified by African cichlids, modification of jaws occurs during adaptation to different food sources. Such rapid modifications could result from which of the following? a) changing the expression of genes that control the growth of different jaw bones during development b) evolving new genes that generate new jaw bones c) acquiring genes by hybridizing with other species that exploit the same food source d) individuals exercising their jaw muscles in different ways, causing the jaws to grow accordingly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Allopatric Speciation Which population characteristic would make the population more likely to undergo allopatric speciation? a) having a large number of individuals b) being highly mobile c) existing on the edge of the home range d) having a relatively homogeneous home range e) having a relatively homogeneous gene pool © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Speciation and Physical Environment In what type of environment is a scientist most likely to find examples of ongoing speciation? a) areas that have a large range of altitudes, such as mountains and deep valleys b) areas such as large plains that facilitate migration of animals c) extreme physical environments that are marginal for supporting life d) areas that are already species-rich e) areas that have undergone recent environmental disturbance or change © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Reproductive Isolation Mechanisms Sea urchins are broadcast spawners: They release their gametes into the water, without courtship. Which of these reproductive isolation mechanisms might operate for sea urchin species? a) behavioral isolation or mechanical isolation b) gametic isolation or temporal isolation c) habitat isolation © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Human Brain Evolution A comparison of the human and chimpanzee genomes shows that they are 99% identical, with very few differences in protein coding genes. What mechanisms may be responsible for evolution of the human brain? a) One or a few novel genes organized new brain structures. b) The timing of the expression of brain development genes altered. c) Brain development genes acquired mutations that made them more active in promoting brain growth. d) Genes that had other functions acquired new functions in brain development (exaptation). © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.