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Warm-up • Identify one alternative (renewable) energy source associated with each of the following: – the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. • Quiz tomorrow, chapter 25 and energy concept map Earth Resources: Biosphere What is the Biosphere? • Region of earth that encompasses all living organisms: plants, animals and bacteria • Includes lithosphere, troposphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere Thickness of the skin on an apple Biomes • Living communities with similar climate, vegetation, geographic location and other characteristics. Abiotic Factors • Abiotic Factors: Non-living parts of the environment – Climate: sunlight, temperature, wind, and precipitation – Topography: latitude, altitude, slope – Atmosphere: oxygen, air pollution – Soil: texture, pH, water, salinity Biotic • Biotic: All of the living or once living parts of the environment – Plants – Animals – Fungi – Bacteria Biome Classification • Biomes are classified using climate data (temperature and rainfall) – Climate determines what organisms live where Freshwater Biomes • Ponds, lakes, streams, or rivers Tundra - treeless land with frozen ground called permafrost. Tundra Soil – very low in nutrients Tundra Boreal Forest (Taiga) • Type of “Northern Coniferous Forest” biome • Long, cold winters • Short, cool summers • Drought tolerant, evergreen trees • Taiga Soil - very poor, low in nutrients Taiga (Boreal Forest) Temperate Deciduous Forest (NC’s biome) • Cool winters, warm summers, high yearround precipitation • Trees that drop leaves during winter • Soil - Fertile soil good for agriculture Temperate Deciduous Forest Tropical Rain Forest • warm temperatures, wet weather, many plants and animals • Nutrient poor soils – Leaf litter decomposes too rapidly to accumulate Tropical Rain Forest Grasslands • Interior of continents • Low yearly, mostly summer rain • Soils range from poor to fertile, too dry to support tree growth Grasslands Desert • Dry region with little rainfall • Cover ~30% land • Soil – rich in minerals but poor in organic materials Desert Ecology • Study of relationships between living organisms and their environment Ecosystem • community of living organisms (biotic) interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment (soil, water, air, sunlight, etc) – The bullfrogs’ ecosystem is a pond. Ecological Succession Succession refers to the orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem over time Basically…succession refers to changes to an ecosystem over time Over time, succession returns to the natural state of the biome Biodiversity • variations of life forms within an ecosystem • varies greatly from high (rainforests) to low (polar) • mass extinctions are when large and sudden drops in biodiversity occur Coral reefs contain great biodiversity Diversity is Good! • Two forms 1) different species – wheat vs corn. 2) genetic variation within a species – short vs long grain Diversity is Good! • Irish potato blight of 1846 – Farmers planted only two varieties of potato – Microorganism destroyed both varieties – 1 million people starved, 2 million emigrated