* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Fluid Friction in Pipes
Hemorheology wikipedia , lookup
Airy wave theory wikipedia , lookup
Hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels wikipedia , lookup
Water metering wikipedia , lookup
Hemodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Wind-turbine aerodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Fluid thread breakup wikipedia , lookup
Boundary layer wikipedia , lookup
Coandă effect wikipedia , lookup
Lift (force) wikipedia , lookup
Derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations wikipedia , lookup
Navier–Stokes equations wikipedia , lookup
Hydraulic machinery wikipedia , lookup
Computational fluid dynamics wikipedia , lookup
Flow measurement wikipedia , lookup
Compressible flow wikipedia , lookup
Flow conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Bernoulli's principle wikipedia , lookup
Aerodynamics wikipedia , lookup
CHAPTER 3 Fluid Friction in Pipes In Chemical engineering process operations , fluids are typically conveyed through pipelines, in which viscous action. Such friction is normally overcome either by means of the pressure generated by a pump or by the fluid falling under gravity from a higher to a lower elevation. In both cases it is necessary to know what flow rate or velocity can be expected for given driving force. For a given flow rate, repetition of the experimental for different lengths demonstrates that the pressure drop( P1-P2) IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to L. There are three different flow regimes in the resulting graph: For flow rates that are low, the pressure gradient is directly proportional to the flow rate( LAMINAR). For intermediate flow rate, the results are irreproducible, and alternate randomly between extension of regimes 1 and 3( TRANSITION ) For the high flow rate, the pressure gradient is closely proportional to square of the flow rate( TURBULENT ) 3.2 Laminar Flow In laminar flow the fluid is moving at low flow rate. In order to avoid additional complication of gravity, consider flow in horizintal cylinder pipe of radius a as shown in figure below. Consider a fluid moving in cylinder with radius r and length L. because of the retarding action of the pipe wall, there will be shear stress between the fluid and pipe wall