Chapter 2 - Viscosity of Fluids
... • Two major classifications of non-Newtonian fluids are time-independent and time-dependent fluids. • As their name implies, time-independent fluids have a viscosity at any given shear stress that does not vary with time. • The viscosity of time-dependent fluids, however, changes with time. ...
... • Two major classifications of non-Newtonian fluids are time-independent and time-dependent fluids. • As their name implies, time-independent fluids have a viscosity at any given shear stress that does not vary with time. • The viscosity of time-dependent fluids, however, changes with time. ...
lagrangian evolution of hairpin structures in the temporal transition
... most fundamental and challenging problems in turbulence research for decades. The K-type transition is often used as a typical case to study transitional flows. Previous studies about the K-type transition provide an overview of the developing process of the transitional flow, and the formation ...
... most fundamental and challenging problems in turbulence research for decades. The K-type transition is often used as a typical case to study transitional flows. Previous studies about the K-type transition provide an overview of the developing process of the transitional flow, and the formation ...
chapter 5 open-channel flow
... specified or imposed upon the flow. You can investigate this by building an open channel in your back yard, just nailed together out of wood, as if you were going to pan for gold. Try to make the channel several meters long and something like a meter wide, with a planar bottom and planar vertical si ...
... specified or imposed upon the flow. You can investigate this by building an open channel in your back yard, just nailed together out of wood, as if you were going to pan for gold. Try to make the channel several meters long and something like a meter wide, with a planar bottom and planar vertical si ...
Microsoft Word - 12.800 chapter 1,`06
... unchanged but otherwise act to deform it, as in the example above. Some materials can act as elastic solids when they are forced on short time scales, i.e. when they are sharply struck but deform in a manner like a liquid when the force operates over a long time, like silly putty. Or, a less “silly” ...
... unchanged but otherwise act to deform it, as in the example above. Some materials can act as elastic solids when they are forced on short time scales, i.e. when they are sharply struck but deform in a manner like a liquid when the force operates over a long time, like silly putty. Or, a less “silly” ...
Controls of the behavior of marine debris flows
... for the lower yield stresses to a tendency for these flows to hydroplane earlier than the stiffer flows. While hydroplaning conditions are maintained, the resistance in the lubricating layer controls the run-out much more than the effects of the yield stress. ...
... for the lower yield stresses to a tendency for these flows to hydroplane earlier than the stiffer flows. While hydroplaning conditions are maintained, the resistance in the lubricating layer controls the run-out much more than the effects of the yield stress. ...
Introduction to Viscosity
... Fig. 3 shows graphically the three most common types of Non--Newtonian liquids. Group A shows a decreasing viscosity with an increasing rate of shear. This is known as a pseudo-plastic material. Examples of this type are grease, molasses, paint, soap, starch, and most emulsions. They present no seri ...
... Fig. 3 shows graphically the three most common types of Non--Newtonian liquids. Group A shows a decreasing viscosity with an increasing rate of shear. This is known as a pseudo-plastic material. Examples of this type are grease, molasses, paint, soap, starch, and most emulsions. They present no seri ...
governing equations of fluid mechanics and heat transfer
... Conservation of Energy law is identical to the First Law of Thermodynamics, and the resulting fluid dynamic equation is named the energy equation. In addition to the equations developed from these universal laws, it is necessary to establish relationships between fluid properties in order to close t ...
... Conservation of Energy law is identical to the First Law of Thermodynamics, and the resulting fluid dynamic equation is named the energy equation. In addition to the equations developed from these universal laws, it is necessary to establish relationships between fluid properties in order to close t ...
Boundary layer
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant. In the Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer is the air layer near the ground affected by diurnal heat, moisture or momentum transfer to or from the surface. On an aircraft wing the boundary layer is the part of the flow close to the wing, where viscous forces distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. See Reynolds number.Laminar boundary layers can be loosely classified according to their structure and the circumstances under which they are created. The thin shear layer which develops on an oscillating body is an example of a Stokes boundary layer, while the Blasius boundary layer refers to the well-known similarity solution near an attached flat plate held in an oncoming unidirectional flow. When a fluid rotates and viscous forces are balanced by the Coriolis effect (rather than convective inertia), an Ekman layer forms. In the theory of heat transfer, a thermal boundary layer occurs. A surface can have multiple types of boundary layer simultaneously.The viscous nature of airflow reduces the local velocities on a surface and is responsible for skin friction. The layer of air over the wing's surface that is slowed down or stopped by viscosity, is the boundary layer. There are two different types of boundary layer flow: laminar and turbulent.Laminar Boundary Layer FlowThe laminar boundary is a very smooth flow, while the turbulent boundary layer contains swirls or ""eddies."" The laminar flow creates less skin friction drag than the turbulent flow, but is less stable. Boundary layer flow over a wing surface begins as a smooth laminar flow. As the flow continues back from the leading edge, the laminar boundary layer increases in thickness.Turbulent Boundary Layer FlowAt some distance back from the leading edge, the smooth laminar flow breaks down and transitions to a turbulent flow. From a drag standpoint, it is advisable to have the transition from laminar to turbulent flow as far aft on the wing as possible, or have a large amount of the wing surface within the laminar portion of the boundary layer. The low energy laminar flow, however, tends to break down more suddenly than the turbulent layer.