ent 257/4 fluid mechanics
... Two dimensional Flow: When the dependent variables in a fluid flow vary with only two space coordinates, the flow is said to be two dimensional. The flow does not vary along the third coordinate direction Example: The flow around a circular cylinder of infinite length (as shown in Fig. 2c) is two ...
... Two dimensional Flow: When the dependent variables in a fluid flow vary with only two space coordinates, the flow is said to be two dimensional. The flow does not vary along the third coordinate direction Example: The flow around a circular cylinder of infinite length (as shown in Fig. 2c) is two ...
Physical Principles - Thayer School of Engineering
... A couple of remarks are in order. First, as intimated in Chapter 1, stratification is an essential ingredient of environmental fluid mechanics, and this implies that density variations, although small, can have significant dynamical effects. The astute student can then legitimately ask whether the n ...
... A couple of remarks are in order. First, as intimated in Chapter 1, stratification is an essential ingredient of environmental fluid mechanics, and this implies that density variations, although small, can have significant dynamical effects. The astute student can then legitimately ask whether the n ...
Dynamic van der Waals theory
... In most phase transition theories, including those of dynamics, the temperature T is a given parameter independent of space 关5,6兴. The Ginzburg-Landau theory is based on a free energy functional with homogeneous T. It goes without saying that there are a variety of situations, where phase transition ...
... In most phase transition theories, including those of dynamics, the temperature T is a given parameter independent of space 关5,6兴. The Ginzburg-Landau theory is based on a free energy functional with homogeneous T. It goes without saying that there are a variety of situations, where phase transition ...
Drag and Drag Coefficients
... general the drag cannot be predicted. For spheres and other regular shapes at low fluid velocities, the flow patterns and drag forces can be estimated from published correlations or by numerical calculations using the general momentum balance equations. ...
... general the drag cannot be predicted. For spheres and other regular shapes at low fluid velocities, the flow patterns and drag forces can be estimated from published correlations or by numerical calculations using the general momentum balance equations. ...
Chapter 3 Basic of Fluid Flow
... particles to vary from point to point throughout the flow field. The motion of fluids can be predicted using the fundamental laws of physics together with the physical properties of the fluid. The geometry of the motion of fluid particles in space and time is known as the kinematics of the fluid ...
... particles to vary from point to point throughout the flow field. The motion of fluids can be predicted using the fundamental laws of physics together with the physical properties of the fluid. The geometry of the motion of fluid particles in space and time is known as the kinematics of the fluid ...
Effect of rotation on the onset of nanofluid convection in a Hele
... The term nanofluid refers to the suspensions of nanoscale particles in the base fluid. To study the heat transfer in nanofluid, Buongiorno [1] considered seven slip mechanisms: inertia, Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, diffusophoresis, Magnus effect, fluid drainage and gravity settling. It was co ...
... The term nanofluid refers to the suspensions of nanoscale particles in the base fluid. To study the heat transfer in nanofluid, Buongiorno [1] considered seven slip mechanisms: inertia, Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, diffusophoresis, Magnus effect, fluid drainage and gravity settling. It was co ...
A thermal study of the formation of oceanic crust
... of the partially fused material takes place at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. This enabled them to compute the shape of this boundary, which was found to deepen away from the ridge axis proportionally to the square root of spreading time. They did not take into account the separation of a m ...
... of the partially fused material takes place at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. This enabled them to compute the shape of this boundary, which was found to deepen away from the ridge axis proportionally to the square root of spreading time. They did not take into account the separation of a m ...
fluid transport mechanisms in microfluidic devices
... In Fig. 4, we see that the imaged velocity profiles for electrokinetic flow are in good agreement with Eq. (4). The flow is a combination of electroosmosis and electrophoresis, and the theory outlined above shows that both components yield a flat profile. Figure 5, however, shows significant deviati ...
... In Fig. 4, we see that the imaged velocity profiles for electrokinetic flow are in good agreement with Eq. (4). The flow is a combination of electroosmosis and electrophoresis, and the theory outlined above shows that both components yield a flat profile. Figure 5, however, shows significant deviati ...
Boundary layer
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant. In the Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer is the air layer near the ground affected by diurnal heat, moisture or momentum transfer to or from the surface. On an aircraft wing the boundary layer is the part of the flow close to the wing, where viscous forces distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. See Reynolds number.Laminar boundary layers can be loosely classified according to their structure and the circumstances under which they are created. The thin shear layer which develops on an oscillating body is an example of a Stokes boundary layer, while the Blasius boundary layer refers to the well-known similarity solution near an attached flat plate held in an oncoming unidirectional flow. When a fluid rotates and viscous forces are balanced by the Coriolis effect (rather than convective inertia), an Ekman layer forms. In the theory of heat transfer, a thermal boundary layer occurs. A surface can have multiple types of boundary layer simultaneously.The viscous nature of airflow reduces the local velocities on a surface and is responsible for skin friction. The layer of air over the wing's surface that is slowed down or stopped by viscosity, is the boundary layer. There are two different types of boundary layer flow: laminar and turbulent.Laminar Boundary Layer FlowThe laminar boundary is a very smooth flow, while the turbulent boundary layer contains swirls or ""eddies."" The laminar flow creates less skin friction drag than the turbulent flow, but is less stable. Boundary layer flow over a wing surface begins as a smooth laminar flow. As the flow continues back from the leading edge, the laminar boundary layer increases in thickness.Turbulent Boundary Layer FlowAt some distance back from the leading edge, the smooth laminar flow breaks down and transitions to a turbulent flow. From a drag standpoint, it is advisable to have the transition from laminar to turbulent flow as far aft on the wing as possible, or have a large amount of the wing surface within the laminar portion of the boundary layer. The low energy laminar flow, however, tends to break down more suddenly than the turbulent layer.