No Slide Title
... 3. A silicon-dioxide (SiO2) layer thermally grown in a furnace at 1000 oC in a dry oxygen atmosphere. Throughout the process, SiO2 is used as a mask, as a dielectric, and for passivation of the wafers surface. The ability to grow this dense, homogeneous, native-grown oxide is critical to IC fabrica ...
... 3. A silicon-dioxide (SiO2) layer thermally grown in a furnace at 1000 oC in a dry oxygen atmosphere. Throughout the process, SiO2 is used as a mask, as a dielectric, and for passivation of the wafers surface. The ability to grow this dense, homogeneous, native-grown oxide is critical to IC fabrica ...
Correction for housner`s equation of bending vibration of a pipe line
... fluid is approximate and makes correction to it. An exact form of general, a the numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock vibration equation is given. behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbatio ...
... fluid is approximate and makes correction to it. An exact form of general, a the numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock vibration equation is given. behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbatio ...
The No-Slip Boundary Condition in Fluid Mechanics
... Till now we have assumed that the continuum theory is valid and hence the molecular structure of the fluid is ignored. Then the fluid slip at the solid wall is zero. But what really happens at the molecular level? In a gas, characteristic dimension in the dynamics of the molecules is the mean free p ...
... Till now we have assumed that the continuum theory is valid and hence the molecular structure of the fluid is ignored. Then the fluid slip at the solid wall is zero. But what really happens at the molecular level? In a gas, characteristic dimension in the dynamics of the molecules is the mean free p ...
Fluid Dynamics
... 3. Unsteady uniform flow. At a given instant in time the conditions at every point are the same, but will change with time. An example is a pipe of constant diameter connected to a pump pumping at a constant rate which is then switched off. 4. Unsteady non-uniform flow. Every condition of the flow m ...
... 3. Unsteady uniform flow. At a given instant in time the conditions at every point are the same, but will change with time. An example is a pipe of constant diameter connected to a pump pumping at a constant rate which is then switched off. 4. Unsteady non-uniform flow. Every condition of the flow m ...
Flow past a Groove - Scientific Research Publishing
... Golf balls have dimples for a good reason, which can be traced back to an accidental discovery in the mid-1800s [1]. When small scrapes or nicks occurred in the surface of the ball, observations showed that there was an increase in the distance the ball traveled. By the early 1900s, all golf balls w ...
... Golf balls have dimples for a good reason, which can be traced back to an accidental discovery in the mid-1800s [1]. When small scrapes or nicks occurred in the surface of the ball, observations showed that there was an increase in the distance the ball traveled. By the early 1900s, all golf balls w ...
Boundary layer
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant. In the Earth's atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer is the air layer near the ground affected by diurnal heat, moisture or momentum transfer to or from the surface. On an aircraft wing the boundary layer is the part of the flow close to the wing, where viscous forces distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. See Reynolds number.Laminar boundary layers can be loosely classified according to their structure and the circumstances under which they are created. The thin shear layer which develops on an oscillating body is an example of a Stokes boundary layer, while the Blasius boundary layer refers to the well-known similarity solution near an attached flat plate held in an oncoming unidirectional flow. When a fluid rotates and viscous forces are balanced by the Coriolis effect (rather than convective inertia), an Ekman layer forms. In the theory of heat transfer, a thermal boundary layer occurs. A surface can have multiple types of boundary layer simultaneously.The viscous nature of airflow reduces the local velocities on a surface and is responsible for skin friction. The layer of air over the wing's surface that is slowed down or stopped by viscosity, is the boundary layer. There are two different types of boundary layer flow: laminar and turbulent.Laminar Boundary Layer FlowThe laminar boundary is a very smooth flow, while the turbulent boundary layer contains swirls or ""eddies."" The laminar flow creates less skin friction drag than the turbulent flow, but is less stable. Boundary layer flow over a wing surface begins as a smooth laminar flow. As the flow continues back from the leading edge, the laminar boundary layer increases in thickness.Turbulent Boundary Layer FlowAt some distance back from the leading edge, the smooth laminar flow breaks down and transitions to a turbulent flow. From a drag standpoint, it is advisable to have the transition from laminar to turbulent flow as far aft on the wing as possible, or have a large amount of the wing surface within the laminar portion of the boundary layer. The low energy laminar flow, however, tends to break down more suddenly than the turbulent layer.