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Newton’s 3rd Law Physical Science Section 3.3 • Newton’s third law of motion – when 1 object exerts a force on a 2nd object, the 2nd object exerts a force that is equal in size and opposite in direction to the force from the 1st object – For every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction • Swimming- swimmer exerts force on water; water exerts force on swimmer – Action-reaction pairs act on different object • Rocket engine- rocket engine exerts force on the hot gases produced by the fuel – gases exert a force on the rocket and push it forward Newton’s 3rd Law • Orbit of earth in space influenced by: – gravitational forces between the Sun and the Earth and between other planets and the Earth • Discovery of Neptune – Orbit of Uranus could not be explained by the planets known at the time • Bicycle’s easier to stop than a car- less mass – Less mass = less inertia and less momentum • Object with less speed = less momentum – Less speed = easier to stop • Momentum- product of mass and velocityinfluences how easily an object can be stopped –P=mxv – P : momentum Units kg*m/s2 – Has direction because velocity has direction – Indicate direction of momentum • Force can be calculated by using the final and initial momentum when an object changes its velocity. – F = (mvf – mvi)/t) • Law of conservation of momentum- total momentum does not change in a collision – Momentum before collision = momentum after collision • 2 objects collide when moving in the same direction – first object slows and the second speeds up in the same direction • 2 objects collide when moving in opposite directions with the same momentum – Start with 0 momentum, collide, bounce off in opposite directions, still have 0 momentum