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Unit 4, SSWH 10 a
Explain the roles of explorers
and conquistadors; include
Zheng He, Vasco da Gama,
Christopher Columbus,
Ferdinand Magellan, James
Cook, and Samuel de
Champlain.
Conquistador: Spanish soldiers,
explorers, & fortune hunters
who took part in the conquest
of the Americas in the 16th
century. p. 472
Explorer: a person who travels
in search of geographical or
scientific information.
 Renaissance inspires exploration
as early as the 1400s.
 God: Desire to spread Christianity
 Glory: Desire to become a hero for
discovering new places
 Gold: Desire to become rich and
powerful (individually &
nationally)
Advances in technology made
the voyages of discovery possible
Caravel—new ship sturdier and
shallower (allowing them to sail
closer into shore)
Adopted triangular sails from
the Arabs: this allowed the ships
to sail against the wind
 Astrolabe: an instrument sailors
used to determine their location at
sea (told how far north or south
they were from the equator
 Sextant: replaced the astrolabe in
the 1700s, sailors could determine
both latitude and longitude
 Compass: an instrument which
allowed sailors to track direction
accurately (adopted from the
Chinese)
 Navigation Schools: created by
Prince Henry, Portugal, in 1419 –
map and instrument makers,
shipbuilders, scientists, and
sea captains all attended
his school
Chinese Muslim admiral, led 7
expeditions
Chinese emperor, Youglo,
wanted the world to see China’s
greatness
Traveled from Southeast Asia to
eastern Africa p. 381-382
Some foreign countries
paid tribute to China, & all
received Chinese gifts
th
After the 7 expedition
China withdrew into
isolation
• Spanish wanted a direct route
to Asia
• October, discovered an island
in the Caribbean “West Indies”
• Opened the way for European
colonization of the Americas
p. 449-451, 472 -473
Increased tensions between
Spain & Portugal
Treaty of Tordesillas:
Agreement of both countries
& what land they could have
(imaginary line North &
South)
p. 450,481
• Portuguese explorer – explored
the east African coast
• In 1498, reached Calicut (India)
• Returned to Portugal, 1499,
brought back cargo 60 times
the cost of the voyage
• Discovered a direct route to
India p. 448
Portuguese explorer, sailed
for Spain to the new ocean
(Pacific)
Sailed around the southern
tip of South America
Eventually, they reached the
Philippines 1521 p.451, 459
Magellan died in the
Philippines (local war) & his
crew returned home 1522
First group to circumnavigate
the world (sail around)
French explorer went into the
New York harbor & sailed up
the St. Lawrence River.
He & 32 colonists found
Quebec, which became the
base for French colonies “New France” p. 483
British sea captain, claimed
New Zealand and part of
Australia for England
Responsible for detailed
Charts and Maps
p. 798,800
Chose 1 explorer and pretend they
were never born…describe how the
map would look different without
their exploration.
Jot your answer—1 minute
Prepare to Share
Define the Columbian
Exchange and its
global economic and
cultural impact.
Global transfer of foods,
plants, & animals during the
colonization of the Americas
 Europeans sent livestock – horses,
cattle, sheep, & pigs
 American AgL:
corn & potatoes –part of the
diets around the world
boost the world’s population
 Native Americans – millions died
from diseases brought by
Europeans
 Capitalism: an economic system based on
private ownership & investment of resources
 Joint Stock Corporation: investors buying
shares in a company: colonization
(Jamestown)
 Mercantilism: an economic policy under
which nations sought to increase their wealth
& power by obtaining large amounts of gold
& silver – by selling more goods than they
bought
 Nation’s goal was to become self-sufficient,
not depend on other countries for goods
Colonies: merchants
grew in wealth & socially,
colonies grew but had no
power
Europe: few grew (only
investors), majority
remained poor
Trade between Europe,
Africa, and the Americas
(shaped like a triangle)
Middle Passage: the route
that African Slaves crossed
coming to the Americas