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Chapter 5 Notes
European Explorers
I. Europe Eyes the Americas
A. Spain Expands Its Influence
1. Christopher Columbus
sailed from Spain in 1492
to find a faster trade ROUTE
to Asia.
2. King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella FINANCED
his expeditions - 4 in all.
In Fourteen
Hundred Ninety
Two, Columbus
Sailed the Ocean
Blue!!
COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES
II. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas
A. Spain Established Colonies
1. From 1492 until 1519 Spain
concentrated on establishing
colonies in the West Indies.
2. Conquistador – Spanish
explorer who searched for
wealth and land
a. Could gain personal wealth &
prestige by conquering an area.
SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598
B. Reasons for Exploration:
1. Search for a quicker route to Asia
to facilitate the spice trade.
2. Competition had increased
between the empires of Spain,
Portugal, France and England.
3. Can be summed up with the
phrase: “Gold, God, and Glory”
C. Columbian Exchange
(Great Exchange)
1. Exchange of goods between
Europe, Asia and the
Americas.
2. It was both good and bad.
D. Examples of items exchanged
1. Horses were brought to the Americas by the
explorers.
a. They changed the way of life for the
Plains Indians.
2. Intro of corn, potatoes, sugar & cotton from
America to other continents changed lives
around the world.
3. Diseases were introduced to the Americas by
the Spanish explorers, decimating the
Native population.
E. Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
1. Sent from Jamaica to
map the Gulf of Mexico.
2. Was the 1st European to
see the Texas coast.
3. Made the 1st
map of the
Gulf of Mexico.
4. In 1519
Pineda’s Map
F. Hernando Cortes Conquers Mexico
1. In 1519, Cortes was sent by the
governor of Cuba to explore
the America’s.
2. Cortes gained control of Mexico
by defeating the Aztecs under
Montezuma.
3. The gold & riches Cortes
brought back to Spain made
the Spanish more eager to
explore New Spain.
G. Cabeza de Vaca (1526)
1. Cabeza De Vaca was one of 80
survivors of the Narvaez expedition
shipwrecked on Galveston Bay.
2. They were the 1st Europeans to
set foot in Texas.
3. He lived with the Karankawas for 6
years as a slave and healer.
4. He led 4 survivors to Mexico,
exploring the interior of Texas on
their way.
Cabeza De Vaca (con’t)
5. One of the 4 was a slave named
Estaban (Estavanico). He was the 1st
African to set foot in Texas.
6. Cabeza de Vaca’s account of life
among Native Texans is considered
the first work of TX literature.
7. He reported a native legend that there
was a place called Cibola, seven
cities made of gold.
H. Other Spanish Explorers
1. Francisco Coronado
– 1540, sent North
from Mexico to look
for Cibola. Followed
a Native, El Turco,
across the Texas
Panhandle, went up
to Kansas, to
Quivera, and claimed
all the land for Spain.
2. Hernando de Soto – 1539, led
second expedition to look for
Cibola, beginning in Florida
across the Southern U.S. to
discover the Mississippi River.
I. Spain Becomes a World Power
1. Spain reaped vast wealth with
gold and silver from parts of the
Americas, making them a world
power.
2. Spain turns it’s attention to
building missions and spreading
Christianity to the Natives.
III. Spain Established Missions
A. Spain established missions to
spread Christianity whenever
they established a colony.
1. Corpus Christi de la Ysleta
a. 1st of all Spanish missions
b. built in 1682
c. to minister to the Jumanos
in West Texas
2. San Francisco de los Tejas
a. 1st mission in East Texas
b. built in 1690
c. to minister to the Caddoes
in East Texas
d. founded by
Father Damian
Massanet
3. San Antonio de Valero
a. ½ point between New Spain
& the East Texas
missions
b. built in 1718
c. also called “The Alamo”
B. Missionaries attempted to
Christianize the Natives and
teach them to be productive
Spanish citizens.
IV. The French Explore Texas
A. France Shows Interest in the Gulf
1. A French explorer, Sieur de La
Salle, discovered the
Mississippi River, claiming all
the lands it reached for France.
2. He named the land “Louisiana”
after the king of France.
3. He later convinced King Louis &
Queen Anne to let him return to
the new land and establish a
French colony.
4. La Salle went back to America
in 1684, looking for the mouth
of the Mississippi.
5. He landed at Matagorda Bay
instead of the Mississippi.
6. He established Ft. St. Louis1st French colony in Texas.
B. Ft. St. Louis was unsuccessful
and French exploration in the
Americas ended.
C. However, Spain saw a threat
to it’s hold in the New World
and then began colonizing
again.
FRENCH AND SPANISH
CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688
Chapter Summary
Europe Eyes the Americas
Columbus came to the New
World looking for gold and a new
trade route to Asia. Although he
found neither, his four voyages
inspired others to seek their
fortunes in the Americas.
The French Explore Texas
Spain’s claims on Texas lands
prompted France to establish a
colony of its own. Although La
Salle’s Texas colony did not
survive, France’s presence
renewed Spain’s interest in
settling Texas.
Spanish Explorers
Come to Texas
Following Columbus’s lead, Spain
established colonies in the Caribbean and
Mexico. Reports of riches drew the
explorers north to Texas where they
established a successful mission.