Download Ch 6 Exploration and Empire

Exploration and Empires
Ch 6
Motives and Means for European
Expansion
► “God,




Glory, and Gold”
Wanted
Wanted
Wanted
Wanted
to spread Catholicism
adventure and glory
sea route to Asia
wealth (precious metals, expand trade)
► Technology
available to support long voyages
 Cartography
 Compass and astrolobe (showed latitude)
 Could sail against the wind
Portugal takes the lead
► Where?
 Africa (especially the west coast which became
known as the Gold Coast)
 Then on to India
► Who?
 Vasco da Gama made trip to Calcutta, India
(1498) returned with spices, made a huge
profit, route became well traveled
Portugal and the Spice Trade
► Set
up trade ports in Spice Islands and India
► Gained control of the spice trade without
establishing colonies
 Didn’t want to and didn’t have the people or the
power to colonize the area
Voyages to the Americas
► Where
did the Spanish go?
 Sailed west to reach Asia
► Why?
 Wanted a different route than the Portuguese to Asia
for spice trade
► Who?
 Christopher Columbus (1492) reached and explored
the coastline of Cuba
► Made
4 trips to Caribbean Islands and Honduras
► Died believing he’d discovered a Western passage to Asia
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
► Line
which divided Spanish and Portuguese
domains
► Portuguese claimed unexplored territories to
the east of the line
► Spanish claimed unexplored territories to
the west of the line
Other Countries that joined in the
land race in the Americas
► England:
New England coastline
► Italy: Florentine Amerigo Vespucci (how
America got its name)
► France
► The Netherlands (Dutch)
► They all called it the New World but there
were already civilizations there and had
been for centuries (Native Americans)
Ferdinand Magellan
► Credited
as 1st to sail around the world
► Died along the way but his men completed
the journey
► Brought lots of fame (glory) to Spain
Spanish Empire
► Conquistadors:
Americas
Spanish conquerors of the
 Francisco Pizarro: took control of the Incan
Empire and within 30 years the western part of
Latin America was under Spanish control
Religion Under Spanish Rule
► Catholic
missionaries converted and
baptized thousands
► Brought parishes, schools, and hospitals to
the natives
► European religion, culture, language, and
government replaced the native structures
Economic Impact and Competition
►
What were the Europeans looking for in the Americas?
 Silver and gold
►
What did they find?
 Silver, gold, sugar, cotton, dyes, vanilla, and hides from livestock
 Native American agricultural products like potatoes, coffee, corn,
and tobacco
► Colony
 Settlement of people living in a new territory linked with
a parent country by trade and government control
► International
trade increased because of the many
colonies
► Mercantilism: set of principles that dominated
17th century economic thought
 Nation’s prosperity depended on large supply of bullion
(gold and silver) because it gave a country a favorable
balance of trade
► Balance
of Trade: a country wants more exports
than imports
Slave Trade and Africa
► What
brought them to the Americas?
 Demand for laborers on plantations in Brazil
and the Caribbean islands (sugar cane)
 Small native population couldn’t be used
because there were not enough of them
Triangle Trade
Triangle Trade Explained
► Europe,
Africa, and the Americas connected
► European merchants carried goods to Africa,
traded for slaves
► African slaves shipped and sold in the
Americas
► Bought tobacco, molasses, sugar, and
cotton in the Americas, sold them in Europe
and the triangle continued
Middle Passage
► Journey
to the Americas
► Many Africans died on the voyage
► Very difficult conditions for the voyage
King Afonso of Congo’s concerns
► Greatest
king of the Congo
► Concerned about the effects of the slave
trade on his society
 Depopulated areas
 Many African societies lost their
youngest/strongest men and women
 Local warfare increased
Rivals in Southeast Asia
► Spanish
► English
► Dutch
► All
of the above created colonies
► Portuguese
 Only created trading posts