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World History Chapter 3 The First Global Age: Europe, the Americas, and Africa (1492-1750) During the age of exploration, European powers built colonial empires in the Americas. New patterns of conquest and global exchange had an enormous impact on the civilization of Africa as well. Spanish conquistadors vanquished the Aztec and Incan civilizations and set up a vast empire in the Americas. By the 1600s, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands were competing for trade and colonies. The arrival of European settlers in the Americas brought disaster to Native Americans. Beginning in the 1400s, Europeans began establishing trading outposts in Africa. Millions of slaves were imported from Africa to meet labor needs in American colonies. The slave trade let to the fall of some African states and the rise of others. The Columbian Exchange was a vast global interchange of people, animals, culture, ideas, and technology. Beginning in the 1500s, Europe experienced a commercial revolution that brought about dramatic economic changes, including the rise of capitalism.