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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION The year is 1492. On a beach on an island in the Caribbean Sea. Two Taino girls were walking in the cool shade of the palm trees eating roasted sweet potatoes. Renaissance Explorers Imagine setting out across an ocean that may or may not contain sea monsters or maps. Imagine sailing for 96 days with no idea when you will see land again. Jacques Cartier Sailed for _______ Discovered: Traded with _________ Cartier’s major routes Vasco De Gama Sailed for __________ Found a route from ________ to ________ De Gama’s Major Routes Ferdinand Magellan Sailed for __________ First Explorer to ___________________ Trade Routes Christopher Columbus Italian but sailed for _________ First to reach: Columbus’s Major Routes The Influence of the Renaissance Map of the World during the Renaissance New way of thinking in _____ and the ______ Believed in ________ and the _________ Confidence to achieve their dreams even with dangers Exploring to Expand Trade Trade with the East Exploring for ________ Exploring to Expand _________ Gold, Glory and God Trade with the East Renaissance Europeans spent huge amounts on luxury goods from the East… such as: _________ _________ The Spice Trade Arab merchants bought spices in __________ They would bring them to _______________ and sell them to ___________ Italians would bring them to _______ Every step of the way the price went up _____________ times the original price The Spice Trade _______ prices for luxury goods was a problem So was ________ of the trade routes. ____ and _______ shifts affected trade Example One The collapse of _________ Empire Example Two Muslims took over Christian _______________ Consider a Dilemma You live in Renaissance Italy and you have inherited a large sum of money. You have the opportunity to invest in a trading expedition travelling to Constantinople or to find a new route to the Asian spice markets. Which would you choose and why? Exploring for Gold List some uses of currency today? Can you imagine a time when there wasn’t enough money to go around? During the Renaissance there wasn’t enough Gold Traders needed gold for business transactions. Coins were used (gold and silver) European mines were running out MANSA MOUSSA Muslim ruler of ________ (Northwest Africa) Mali had an important __________ (gold, silver, salt, ivory and slaves) 1324 went on a pilgrimage to _________ Brought a caravan of thousands Carried ____ and gave to the poor along the way Europeans shocked at how _____ this man was! Exploring to Expand Christianity The worldview of Renaissance Europe was to expand ___________. Quote: Mark 16:15 “Go into all the world, and proclaim the good news to the whole creation” Exploring to Expand Christianity Renaissance Explorers believed they were following ________ wishes by bringing ___________ to the people they visited. Islamic Worldview Five religious duties of Islam and the Qur’an 1) There is no god but ______________and 2) 3) 4) 5) ______________ is his messanger Pray ________ Fast during the month of _____________ _______ to the poor Make a pilgrimage to _________ once in your life. Religious Motives for Exploration “Prince Henry was stirred up by his zeal for the service of God…he wanted to know if there were any Christian Princes in whom the charity and love of Christ was so much that they would help him against the Muslims…He had a great desire to increase the faith of Christians “ Gomes Eannes de Azurara, Friend of Prince Henry How does Prince Henry’s religious worldview affect his attitude toward the Muslims? Prince Henry’s Worldview Threatened by ___________ to the south and east Heard of the story of Christian King Prester John and a long lost Christian land. European Explorers In Canada explorers were accompanied by _____________. _________ and ________ priests. Missionaries would preach to ______________. Example : Robert Rundle of the Methodist Church 1850’s set up a school and church. Homework Materials needed Chapter handout Page 113 Questions 1) A 2) A The Means to Explore Think about your academic fair due in February. 1. Equipment 2. Money 3. Time 4. Skills These are all called means. Renaissance Explorers had the mental outlook and motivation to explore to….. Expand trade, find gold, influence Christianity Renaissance Explorers borrowed: 1. 2. Just like you borrow some ideas from peers who have completed academic fairs before you…why reinvent the wheel. Renaissance explorers borrowed from Ancient Greeks and Romans (math, science philosophy, art) Muslim cultures (math, mapping) Expanding the Known World Europeans knowledge was ____________ Books by travelers like Marco Polo were full of ___________. (He travelled to China by caravan) Maps by Italian Monk Fra Mauro (1459) and Ptolemy’s idea of the world (1482) How are these two maps similar and different? Which map do you think might have encouraged Europeans to look for a sea route to China or India? How is the worldview of Fra Mauro’s map different from that of Psalter Map on page 30 Expanding Navigational Technology Navigation: The science of determining _________, _________, and _________ travelled by ship. It comes from the Latin word navis (ship) and agere (to drive) Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry of _________ Huge interest in ships and navigation Was wealthy like the Medici’s Became a patron of __________ (sponsored them with money) Created a _________ to study navigation Instruments for Navigation Compass Developed in __________ About 1700 years ago Astrolabe Used the North Star or sun to calculate ___________, the distance North or South of the ___________ Invented by ancient _______, _________ mathematicians and astronomers Cross-staff Used to measure the _________ of the Pole star above the horizon to determine _______ Invented around ______ for astronomy and used in 1514 in ___________ Back-staff Used to measure the _________ of the Sun to determine _______. Developed in _______ as an ____________ over the cross-staff Think it through? Which of these instruments do you think was the most important for navigation? What tools can we use today for navigation? European Expansion Expansionism: the actions and attitudes of a state or country whose goal is to increase it’s power and territory. Exploration Begins Started by Going _________ __________ West coast of Africa Trading posts along the way ________ trade and ________ trade Started ________ plantations in the Caribbean Islands and used ______ slaves to work the farms. For 3 centuries millions of African slaves were captured and millions died on route from the terrible conditions on slave ships. Battle of Exploration between Spain and Portugal Vasco De Gama (Portugal) travelling in 1497 and found India Pressure on Spain and Columbus found the “West Indies” in 1492 Columbus and Magellan Spanish Explorers Convinced he could find a shorter route by sailing __________. Took _____ days to sail across Atlantic Later years made 3 more trips for _______ and _________. Died ________ and _________ after his 4th voyage in 1506. Magellan sailed around the world and reached the ____________. Was killed after getting involved in a local war but his ship reached Spain full of spices and circumnavigated the globe. Homework Page 126 Questions 1.a,b