Download Chapter 4/Section 4 - Ms-Jernigans-SS

Add to your questions
• What island does Odysseus become
trapped on?
• How does Penelope delay the suitors?
Chapter 4/Section 4
The Age of Pericles
The Athenian Empire (pgs. 138-146)
• Although the Persians retreated after the Battle of
Plataea, they remained a threat.
• In 478 B.C., Athens joined with other Greek citystates, except Sparta, to form the Delian League.
• The Delian League
promised to defend its
members against Persian
invasion and help drive the
Persians out of the Greek
territories in Asia Minor.
Democracy in Athens
• Athens had a government called a direct
democracy.
• In a direct democracy, people vote firsthand on laws
and policies.
• Direct democracy worked in Athens because of the
small number of Athenian citizens.
• In larger populated countries, the democratic
government is a representative democracy.
• In a representative democracy, people select
smaller groups to vote on behalf of the people.
Achievements of Pericles
• A popular general named Pericles (pehr*uh*kleez)
led Athens for more than 30 years, from 461-429
B.C.
• Pericles believed that people’s talents were more
important than their social standing.
• He allowed lower-class male
citizens to run for public
office, and he also paid
officeholders.
• The Age of Pericles was a time of creativity and
learning.
• Pericles built temples and statues in the city after
the destruction of the Persian Wars.
• He also supported artists, writers, architects, and
philosophers.
• Philosophers are people
who ponder
questions about life.
Daily Life In Athens (pgs. 142 – 144)
• In the 400s B.C., Athens was the largest of all Greek
city-states with a population of about 285,000
(43,000 men with political rights, 35,000 foreigners,
and about 100,000 enslaved people).
• Slavery was common in the ancient world and most
Athenian homes had at least one slave, and wealthy
families had many slaves.
• Without slave labor, Athens
couldn’t have supported
its bustling economy.
Athenian Economy
• Athenian farmers grew grain, vegetables, fruit,
olives, and grapes.
• Because there was little farmland, Athens had to
import (to buy from another country) grain from other
places.
• Herders raised sheep and goats for wool, milk, and
cheese.
• Athens became the trading center of the Greek
world where merchants traded pottery, jewelry,
leather goods, and other products.
Roles of Men and Women
• Athenian men worked in the morning and exercised
or attended assembly meetings in the evening.
• Boys left home at about age 7 to attend school.
• Athenian women were responsible for caring for
their children and households.
• Girls married early, at age
14 or 15, and could not
attend school.
• Athenian women had no political rights and could
not own property.
• Athenian women rarely left the house and had to
have male relative escort if they did.
• One woman who had more freedom in Athens was
Aspasia (as*pay*zhuh).
• Aspasia was not a native of
Athens, was well-educated,
and influenced both Plato and
Pericles.
Add to questions
• Who does Odysseus tell his story to?
• How long was Odysseus away from
home?
• What happens to all the suitors?
• How does Penelope test Odysseus?
The Peloponnesian War (pgs. 144-146)
• As Athens became more powerful and influential,
other city-states became suspicious of them.
• Led by Sparta, these city-states joined together
against Athens.
• War broke out in 431 B.C.
• Historians call this
conflict The Peloponnesian
War (431 B.C. - 404 B.C.).
Pericles’s Funeral Oration
• In the first winter of the war, Athenians had a public
funeral to honor those who had died in battle.
• Pericles made a famous speech called the Funeral
Oration.
• Pericles’s Funeral Oration
reminded Athenians about
democracy and gave them
courage to continue fighting.
Athens is Defeated
• Sparta and its allies surrounded Athens in the hopes
the Athenians would send out an army to fight.
• Pericles knew that Spartan forces could beat the
Athenians in open battle.
• Pericles urged farmers and
others who lived on the
outskirts of Athens to move
inside the city walls.
• The Athenian navy delivered supplies to the city from their
colonies and allies.
• Sparta did not have a navy and therefore could not attack
the Athenian ships.
• In the second year of the war, a deadly disease spread
though the over-crowded city of Athens.
• The Plague of Athens killed more than a third of the people,
including Pericles in 429 B.C.
• The standoff continued for another 25 years.
• Desperate to win, the Spartans made a deal with
the Persians – money to build navy for Greek
territories in Asia Minor.
• In 405 B.C., Sparta’s navy destroyed the Athenian
fleet.
• Athens surrendered the next year.
• The Peloponnesian Wars weakened the city-states,
many died fighting, farms were destroyed, and
thousands of people were left without jobs.
• After defeating Athens, Sparta tried to rule all of
Greece.
• Within 30 years, city-states rebelled and a new war
began.
• While fighting amongst themselves, the Greeks
failed to notice the growing kingdom of Macedonia
to the north.
• This would eventually cost them their freedom.
http://www.veoh.com/browse/videos/category/educational/watch/v15571177zkCY2dA
Add to your questions
1.Who is the Protagonist in the story? Describe the
Protagonist .
2.Who is the Antagonist in the story? Describe the
Antagonist.
3.What is the inciting incident in the story?
4. What is the resolution to the conflict in the story?
5. What is the point of view of this story? Explain how
you came to your answer?
6. Identify one theme from the story and explain you
answer with details.
7. What is the setting of the story?