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Athens and Sparta Two cities in conflict I. A Spartan Life • Spartan boys were raised to endure pain and learn to survive with very little food • Life was harsh and cruel • The Spartans were tough, silent and grim • Because of many wars, Sparta turned into an awesome war machine • Sparta’s motto was “Always put your city’s needs above your own.” II. Growing Up in Sparta • Only the healthiest children were raised • At age 7, boys left their mothers to live in barracks with other boys to train as soldiers • Training lasted for 13 years III. Girls in Sparta • Girls also trained and competed in wrestling and spear throwing • Strong girls would produce strong children it was believed • Women were allowed to own land and take part in business IV. The Persians Invade • By 520 B.C. the Persians controlled the Greek colonies on the west coast of Asia Minor • In 490 B.C. thousands of Persians gathered at Marathon to face a small Athenian army • For several days both armies stared intensely at each other • Athenians rushed without warning and defeated the Persians killing 6,400 and losing only 192 of their own soldiers V. The Athenian Empire • After the Persians were defeated, Athens influence spread over much of Greece • Many city-states allied themselves with Athens • These city-states gave their allegiance to Athens VI. Sparta and Athens at War • Over time, city-states grew angry at Athens • Many paid tribute, money, for protection, but Athens spent it on the Parthenon and other buildings • Athens and Sparta went to war in 431 B.C. • The war lasted for 27 years, called the Peloponnesian War VII. The Fall of Athens • Early in the war, Athens was struck by a plague • Over one third of the population died • Sparta staged a blockade surrounding the harbor and Athens could not receive food shipments • Athens surrendered in 404 B.C.