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GREECE GREECE GEOGRAPHY GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Sea – Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea. GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Sea – Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea. – Traded with other societies because they did not many natural resources. GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Sea – Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea. – Traded with other societies because they did not many natural resources. – Used a travel method called island hopping to travel across the sea. GREECE GEOGRAPHY • Island Hopping GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Land GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Land – Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of ancient Greece. GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Land – Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of ancient Greece. – Independent city-states developed because the mountains keep the communities separate. GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Climate GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Climate – The temperature is moderate and it only rains in the winter. • Avg. temps: – 48˚ winter, – 80˚ summer • Developed an outdoor culture for Greek males – Exs: meetings, discussions GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Climate – The temperature is moderate and it only rains in the winter. – Most Greek societies spent the majority of their time outside because of the favorable climate. GREECE GEOGRAPHY • The Climate – The temperature is moderate and it only rains in the winter. – Most Greek societies spent the majority of their time outside because of the favorable climate. – Men spent most of their lives outdoors at the agoras, gyms, and political meetings or at the theater, civic or religious celebrations. GREECE • Mycenaeans GREECE • Mycenaeans – Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. GREECE • Mycenaeans – Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. – Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans) GREECE • Mycenaeans – Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. – Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans) – Greeks made contact with many societies across the Mediterranean Sea GREECE • Mycenaeans – Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. – Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans) – Greeks made contact with many societies across the Mediterranean Sea – Population increases forced Greek societies to develop colonies in neighboring lands GREECE • Mycenaeans – Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. – Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans) – Greeks made contact with many societies across the Mediterranean Sea – Population increases forced Greek societies to develop colonies in neighboring lands – The Greeks also went to war with neighboring societies and their colonies. GREECE • Trojan War GREECE • Trojan War – 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy GREECE • Trojan War – 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy – The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak into Troy aboard a giant fake horse. GREECE • Trojan War – 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy – The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak into Troy aboard a giant fake horse. – Fact or Fiction? GREECE • Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.) GREECE • Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.) – No written records exist from this time period. GREECE • Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.) – No written records exist from this time period. – History and information was passed through oral tradition (ex. epics and myths) GREEK SOCIETY • After the Dark Ages, the “polis” developed - that is a city-state (a city and its surrounding land). • All citizens (free adult land-owning males) were expected to serve the polis – Meetings were held in the agora (market place) or the Acropolis (the fortified hilltop). – Armies of citizens formed and made iron weapons. GREEK SOCIETY –Every citizen was expected to be a soldier for his polis. –Hoplites (foot soldiers with armor, spear, and shield) developed. –The phalanx developed - the most powerful fighting machine of its day. Greek City-State (Polis) GREEK SOCIETY • City-State (Polis) – Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece GREEK SOCIETY • City-State (Polis) – Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece – Central urban area for surrounding countryside GREEK SOCIETY • City-State (Polis) – Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece – Central urban area for surrounding countryside – Citizens discussed government issues at the agora GREEK SOCIETY • Citizenship GREEK SOCIETY • Citizenship – Adult Male Landowners GREEK SOCIETY • Citizenship – Adult Male Landowners – Gave input into government issues GREEK SOCIETY • Citizenship – Adult Male Landowners – Gave input into government issues – Served in the military in times of war GREEK SOCIETY • Citizenship – Adult Male Landowners – Gave input into government issues – Served in the military in times of war – Wealthy citizens began their formal education at the age of seven GREEK RELIGION • The Olympics were held in honor of the gods • The Greeks imagined their gods to be a lot like humans • They had their passions/weaknesses (love, hate, fear, jealousy) • They were quarrelsome, but they were immortal. • Greeks developed myths about their gods and goddesses and used these myths to understand the mysteries of nature/life. GREEK PHILOSOPHERS • Socrates • Aristotle • Plato ATHENS ATHENS • Early Government ATHENS • Early Government – Oligarchy – governments ruled by a few powerful people ATHENS • Form a Democracy – Draco introduces a legal code to make all Athenians equal under the law ATHENS • Form a Democracy – Draco introduces a legal code to make all Athenians equal under the law. – Solon outlaws debt slavery and organized Athenian citizens into four social classes according to wealth. ATHENS • Form a Democracy – Draco introduces a legal code to make all Athenians equal under the law. – Solon (594 B.C.) outlaws debt slavery and organized Athenian citizens into four social classes according to wealth. – Cleisthenes (508 B.C.) allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage. He creates the Council of Five Hundred. This creates a limited democracy in Athens. GREEK ARCHITECTURE GREEK ART ATHENS • Women had few rights in Athens. ATHENS • Women had few rights in Athens. – No Voting – No testifying in court without a male representative – Must remain in the house – Adulterers were put to death SPARTA • Spartans worked to create a strong city-state: – only healthy children were allowed to live – boys were trained for the army at 7 – life in army training was harsh to toughen the soldiers up – men remained in the army until the age of 30; then in reserves – women were healthy and vigorous; exercised and played sports; could not vote – created such a strong army, left little time to be creative in the arts – military valued duty, strength, and discipline. GREEK SOLDIER GREEK PHALANX