Download Europe BCE

Europe Before C.E.
Warm Up: Listen to the
ancient Greek music. What
evidence and interpretation
does the music give.
Title: Anakrousis
Objective: Analyzing how
Ancient Greek and Roman
History, Economics and
culture influence our society.
Standard: 10:1 (1-3)
Homework: pages 5-11
Archeology vs. History
• Paleolithic era
Paintings Altimira15,000 years ago
• History = written
City-States
• Effects of Greek
Geography
• Greece was broken up
into various groups
called polis or “citystates” - the strongest
of which was Athens.
  City-states in Greece
had different forms of
governments.
End of Monarchy- Solon’s ReformsAristocracy
• 600 B.C. Indentured servitude
because of debt
• Solon canceled debts and made
slavery illegal
• Class of citizenship based on
wealth not heredity
• However, citizen = landowning,
Athenian, males
• Opened trading
Direct Democracy- Cleisthenes 508
BC
• Many new leaders gained
power by appealing to
majority of poor in
exchange for power.
• Clesthenes Reforms: all
people could propose
laws; the council of 500
were selected by random
lot.
Greek Democracy
• As the Persians expanded,
the city-states united to
defeat them in 479 BC
• Athens became the leader
of a 140 city-state alliance
(the Delian League)
• Athens began to use its
navy to control League
members
Pericles 461-429BC
• The Age of Pericles also known
as the Golden Age
• Paid public officials allowing
peasants to gain wealthy
• Developed Direct Democracy
• However, rivalry grew between
Athens and Sparta.
• In the Trojan Wars, Sparta defeats
Athens and disbands alliance
• Once Greece was weakened,
Macedonia took over - led by
King Phillip and later Alexander
the Great
Greek Philosophers
• Assumptions: 1) The Universe is
orderly and unchanging 2) Use
logic and reason to understand
• Socrates and the Socratic
method.Those unskilled should not
hold power.Thinking not
memorization.
• Plato’s Republic: Rule not by
wealthiest but wisest
• Aristotle’s Politics: “It is man’s
nature to live in a state”
Socrates
“I can not teach anyone anything I can only
make them think”
Plato, The Republic
“ Until Philosophers are kings, or the king and
princes of this world have the spirit and
power of philosophy, and political greatness
and wisdom meet in one, and those
commoner natures who pursue either to the
exclusion of the other are compelled to
stand aside, cities will never have rest from
the evils, no, nor the human race.”
Plato Myth of Metals
“The god who fashioned you mixed gold in
the composition of those among you who
are fit to rule so that they are of the precious
quality; and he put silver in the Auxiliaries
and Iron and Brass in the farmers and
craftsmen”
Aristotle
The most perfect political community is one
in which the middle class is in control, and
outnumbers both of the other classes.
Plato’s view on the soul
The Soul is divided into 3 parts
1) The intellect
2) The will
3) The appetite (Desire)
Example:
- I need to study for the test
- I will study from 8-10 tonight
- My friends invited me to the movie
Romans 1000-500BC
• Latins (first Romans)
defeated Greeks and
Etrusions in current
day Italy
• Adapted many Greek
cultural ideas
Kingdom to Republic
• In 509 BC Roman
Aristocrats overthrew the
Caesar. They formed the
new government
• Republic-citizens have
the right to elect their
leader
• Struggle between
patricians (landowners)
and plebeians (peasants)
Republican Government
• The Senate: aristocratic
branch of government
(foreign and financial
issues)
• Magistrates: Ran military
command during war.
Oversaw legal system.
Censors oversaw moral
conduct.
• In time of crises allowed
to have a dictator for 6
months (Julius Caesar
• Expansion: Anatolia to
Spain
Decline of the Romans
• Succession of Generals
• Last Julius Caesar is most
successful as a dictator
• Killed in 44 BC by
Senators
• His Nephew Augustus
Octavian Imperial Age
• Creation of Pax Romanaa long period of Peace and
limited expansion of the
Roman Law- Pax Romana
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Principals
All citizens are seen as
equal under the law
People are innocent until
proven guilty
Burden of proof on
accuser
Laws that seemed
unreasonable could be set
aside
Fall Of Rome
Politics:
• Incapable leaders.
• Wealthy Landowners withdrew their
support.
• No longer a feeling that there was a
responsibility to Government.
Economy:
• Empire too spread out.
• High taxes.
• High unemployment.
• Lazy wealthy/Drains resources.
Social issues:
• Citizens evaded military service.
• Soldiers had little loyalty to Rome, could not
beat Germans who were loyal to chiefs.
Summary Questions
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What’s the difference between Archeology and History?
What is an Aristocracy?
What is a Monarchy?
What is a Republic?
What is a city State?
Who instituted reforms of citizenship based on wealth instead of
heredity?
He allowed all people to propose laws.
Who created an Empire after the collapse of Greece?
Which Occurred first Classical Greece or the Roman Empire?
Who were the Philosophers?
Most successful Cesar who was murdered by Senators.
Roman Group who were elected officials.
(Honors) Select 1 and type 1 page
paper. Discussion question
• Socrates stated that the unexamined life is not
worth living? Do you think that is valid? Why?
• The Traits of Duty, Piety and Loyalty were highly
valued in Rome. If we were to develop three traits
as ideal in America what would it be?
• Write a dialogue between a Roman and Greek
Citizen each arguing that their form of
government is better.
Art
• Erechteum of the
Acropolis in Athens
built between 421-405
BC
• Caryatids- stone
maidens
• Byzantine used it as
church, later a Turkish
commanders harem
quarters
Parthenon and the Acropolis
Hermes with
Child Dionysus
Sculpture by Praxiteles
Hermes god of
Commerce, luck,
travelers, roads and
eloquence.
Dionysus the God of
Wine is being taken to
the nymphs of Mt.
Nysa
Art
• Palace at Knossos
Extra Credit
Film
• Troy
• World History Short: A) Regional
Civilizations and a Sparta Girl