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GREEK RELIGION,
PHILOSOPHY
& THE ARTS
CHAPTER 6 SECTION 2
WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE
PERIOD OF ATHENS’ GOLDEN AGE?
• Lasted from 479-431BC
• Sources of wealth: Trade, Silver, and
Tribute
• Important achievements: Arts,
Philosophy, Literature, Democracy.
Compare the art in the Golden Age to that
of Greece’s Dark Ages.
• Wealth gave Athenians more time
to devote to the arts.
• During the Dark Ages, people
spent time just trying to survive.
They had no time for the arts.
What evidence is
there that key
figures influenced
the growth and
development of
Greek civilization?
Identify key figures
that influenced the
growth and
development of the
Greek civilization.
Pericles, the Athenian leader, quote to
remind the people that Athens was
unique:
“Our constitution does not copy the laws of
neighboring states. We are a pattern to other
cities rather than imitators. Our constitution
favors the many instead of the few. That is why
it is called a democracy. If we look at the laws,
we see they give equal justice to all…. Poverty
does not bar the way, if a man is able to serve
the state…. In short, I say that as a city we are
the school for all Greece.”
THE GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS
Pericles:
• Most important man in Athens.
• Well-educated, intelligent, and had the
best interests of his city at heart.
• aristocrat who supported democracy.
• Strengthened democracy by paying city
officials a salary.
• Greatest accomplishment building
Parthenon.
ANCIENT GREEK RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
• The Greeks worshipped a family of
gods & goddesses, the Twelve
Olympians, led by Zeus, the king of the
gods.
• Each god ruled a different area of
human life and the natural world.
• Worshiped lesser gods and honored
heroes in similar ways
• Believed the gods showed them how to
behave, and they visited oracles to
receive advice from the gods.
EXPLAIN HOW THE GODS DIFFERED
FROM HUMANS.
• The gods had human forms and
human characteristics.
• Unlike humans, the gods were
immortal and immensely powerful.
WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE
ORACLES?
• The oracles were places where the
people could communicate with their
gods.
• People sought advice or asked to
have the future revealed.
• Oracles were located throughout
Greece. Because their advice was
taken very seriously, oracles had a
major effect on Greek history.
A Family
Of Gods
Zeus
Hera
Apollo
Ruler of all gods & humanity
Goddess of marriage & children
God of music & poetry
Artemis
Athena
Ares
History of Our World
Aphrodite
Goddess of hunting
Goddess of Wisdom & war
God of War
Goddess of love
Hermes
Poseidon
Messenger of the gods
God of earthquakes & the ocean
Demeter
Goddess of fertility
What evidence is
there that key
figures influenced
the growth and
development of
Greek civilization?
Identify key figures
that influenced
the growth and
development of
the Greek
civilization.
HOW DID THE GREEKS SEARCH FOR
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THEIR WORLD?
• Most Greeks thought the gods were
responsible for natural events.
• A few thinkers disagreed. They thought
about new ways to understand the
world.
• These Greek philosophers were good
observers and thinkers.
THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE
• Greek philosophers had ideas about the
world that they taught to other people.
• Thales believed water to be the basic
material of the world.
• Democritus thought everything was
made from small particles called atoms.
Modern science proved him correct.
THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE:
PHILOSOPHERS
• Socrates, another philosopher, sat in
the marketplace of Athens eagerly
discussing wisdom and goodness.
• Socrates wanted people to think about
the true meaning of justice, courage,
and other qualities.
History of Our World
HOW DID SOCRATES CHALLENGE THE
VALUES OF THE PEOPLE OF ATHENS?
• He asked questions that made others
think about their beliefs, sometimes
angering them by showing they didn’t
know what they were talking about.
• Some thought this questioning showed
a lack of belief in the gods.
• They worried that his teachings would
cause the young men who listened to
him to stop believing in the gods.
SOCRATES IMPLORED PEOPLE TO “KNOW
THYSELF.” WHAT DID HE MEAN BY THIS?
• Socrates urged his students to question
and critically examine all around them.
• This led to Socrates being accused of
corrupting the youth of Athens.
• This led to Socrates being accused of
corrupting the youth of Athens.
• Socrates was tried for dishonoring the
gods and misleading young people.
THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE:
PHILOSOPHERS
• Socrates meant people should
understand themselves & what they
think and believe before trying to
influence others.
• He was sentenced to death and forced
to drink a cup of hemlock poison.
• He was sentenced to death and forced
to drink a cup of hemlock poison.
•
•
•
•
WHAT WAS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
PLATO’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE
SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE?
Plato founded a school, taught
astronomy, mathematics, biology, &
among other things.
1st university, called the Academy.
Plato taught a student named Aristotle
Aristotle believed that reason should
guide the pursuit of knowledge. He
later founded his own school, the
Lyceum.
WHY WERE THE ARTS IMPORTANT TO
THE GREEKS AND WHAT KINDS OF
ARTS FLOURISHED DURING GREECE’S
GOLDEN AGE?
• The Greeks used the arts to honor their
gods. They were well known for their
sculpture, architecture, and drama.
• They were well known for their
sculpture, architecture, and drama.
HOW DID GREEK COMEDIES DIFFER
FROM GREEK TRAGEDIES?
• Tragedies told of humans faced with
dilemmas that eventually destroyed them
• Comedies made fun of Greek customs
and famous people.
• Because of the freedom Athenians had,
people accepted the humor and jokes in
comedies.
What evidence is there
that modern
democratic concepts
originated in Ancient
Greece?
Show how modern
democratic forms
of government have
their origins in
ancient cultures.
HOW DID THE RISE OF DEMOCRACY
CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
NEW IDEAS IN GREECE?
• The value Greeks placed on their
freedom extended to freedom to explore
new ideas.
EXPLAIN HOW THE GREEK CITY-STATES
COULD BE SO INDEPENDENT & COMPETE
AGAINST ONE ANOTHER & YET HAVE SO
MUCH IN COMMON.
• They thought of themselves as the
same people – they were the Hellenes,
they spoke the same language, and
they had many customs in common.
• An example of the common culture of
the city-states was the Olympic
Games.
WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DID PEOPLE IN
THE CITY-STATES THROUGHOUT
GREECE SHARE?
• They spoke the same language and
shared customs. They valued freedom
and took an active part in government.
• They contributed to developments in
the arts, sciences, government, and
religion
HOW DID THE GROWTH OF WEALTH
THROUGH TRADE CONTRIBUTE TO THE
SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS IN GREECE?
• Trade brought citizens of city-states in
contact with ideas from other places.
They traded goods & ideas.
• Trade brought citizens of city-states in
contact with ideas from other places.
They traded goods & ideas.