Download (c) enzyme

Dr.Srirath Pakdeeronachit
 List the simplest to the most complex levels of a living organism.
 Describe the main parts of a cell.
 Label a diagram of a typical cell.
 Name and give the functions of the four basic types of tissues in
the body.
 Define basic terms pertaining to the structure and function of body
tissues.
 Recognize and use roots and suffixes pertaining to cells, tissues,
and organs.
1. The root that means “cell” is:
(a) spher
(b) cyt
(c) fibr
(d) gen
2. The root that means “tissue” is:
(a) hist
(b) cellul
(c) cyst
(d) hem
3. The control center of the cell is the:
(a) membrane
(b) ribosome
(c) virus
(d) nucleus
4. The process of body cell division is called:
(a) separation
(b) segregation
(c) mitosis
(d) gestation
5. A compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction
is a(n):
(a) gene
(b) salt
(c) enzyme
(d) mineral
6. The substance that makes up the cell’s genetic material
is:
(a) DNA
(b) protein
(c) acid
(d) base
7. Chemicals: cells: tissues: __________: systems:
organism. What belongs in the blank?
(a) organs
(b) genes
(c) enzymes
(d) nuclei
8. The root morph/o means:
(a) reproduction
(b) fat
(c) form
(d) balance
Simple
Complex
 Basic unit of living organisms
 Carries out metabolism
 Energy generated by
chemical ATP
(adenosine triphosphate)
Nucleus
- the control region of the cell
- contains chromosome (genetic information)
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
Gene
- RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Root
Meaning
Example
Definition of Example
morph/o
form
polymorphous
having many forms
cyt/o, -cyte
cell
cytologist
one who studies cells
nucle/o
nucleus
nuclear
pertaining to a nucleus
kary/o
nucleus
karyotype
picture of a cell's chromosomes
organized according to size
hist/o,
histi/o
tissue
histocompatibility
tissue similarity that permits
transplantation
fibr/o
fiber
fibrosis
abnormal formation of fibrous tissue
reticul/o
network
reticulum
a network
Root
Meaning
Example
Definition of Example
aden/o
gland
adenoma
tumor (-oma) of a gland
papill/o
nipple
papilla
projection that resembles a nipple
myx/o
mucus
myxadenitis
inflammation (-itis) of a mucussecreting gland
muc/o
mucus,
mucous
membrane
mucorrhea
increased flow (-rhea) of mucus
somat/o,
-some
body, small
body
chromosome
small body that takes up color (dye)
(chrom/o)
Stages in Cell Division
“Mitosis”
Dividing of body cell
Root
Meaning
Example
Definition of Example
blast/o, blast
immature cell,
productive cell,
embryonic cell
histioblast
a tissue-forming cell
gen
origin, formation
karyogenesis
formation of a nucleus
phag/o
eat, ingest
autophagy
self-destruction of a cell's
organelles
phil
attract, absorb
basophilic
attracting basic stain
plas
formation, molding, hyperplasia
development
overdevelopment of an organ or
tissue
trop
act on, affect
chronotropic
affecting rate or timing (chron/o)
troph/o
feeding, growth,
nourishment
atrophy
tissue wasting
Cell
Fiber
Histology
Form
Nucleus
Nucleus
Gland
Nipple
Mucous
Network
Mucous
Body
Morphology
Cytology
Histology
d
c
e
b
a
d
c
e
b
a
gen
phag/o
blast/o
plas
troph/o
origin, formation
eat, ingest
immature, productive, embryonic cell
formation, molding, development
feeding, growth, nourishment
 Chromosomes
 Carry genetic information
 46 chromosomes in every
cell (except sex cells)
 Genes
 Separate units of DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
 Control formation of
enzymes (needed for
metabolic reactions)
 Four basic types
 Epithelial
 Covers and protects body
structures, lines organs,
vessels, and cavities
 Simple: Single layer, absorbs
substances from one system
to another
 Stratified: multiple layers,
protects deeper tissue
 Four basic types
 Connective
 Supports and binds body structures
 Muscle (root: my/o)
 Contracts to produce movement
 Three types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth/visceral
 Nervous (root: neur/o)
 Makes up brain, spinal cord and nerves
 Coordinates body responses by transmission of electrical
impulses
 Simplest tissue
 Mucous membranes: secrete mucus
 Serous membranes: secrete watery fluid, line body
cavities and cover organs
 Fibrous membranes: cover and support organs
 Organs
 Comprised of tissues
 Grouped into systems
 Systems
 Have specific function
 Work together, not independently
 Goal of systems: homeostasis
Organs of Digestive Tract
 Proteins
 Enzymes
 Hormones
 Structural materials
 Carbohydrates
 Sugars (main energy source: sugar glucose)
 Starches
 Lipids
 Fats
Word Part
Meaning
Example
Definition Of Example
-ase
enzyme
lipase
enzyme that digests fat (lipid)
-ose
sugar
lactose
milk sugar
hydr/o
water, fluid
hydration
addition of water; relative
amount of water present
gluc/o
glucose
glucogenesis
production of glucose
glyc/o
sugar, glucose
normoglycemia
normal blood sugar level
Suffixes
Roots
Word Part
Meaning
Example
Definition Of Example
sacchar/o
sugar
polysaccharide
compound containing many
simple sugars
amyl/o
starch
amyloid
resembling starch
lip/o
lipid, fat
lipophilic
attracting or absorbing lipid
adip/o
fat
adiposuria
presence of fat in the urine
(ur/o)
steat/o
fatty
steatorrhea
discharge (-rhea) of fatty
stools
prote/o
protein
protease
enzyme that digests protein
Roots
sugar
sugar
water, fluid
starch
lipid, fat
glucose
fat
steat/o
lip/o
glyc/o
gluc/o
fat
fat
sugar
glucose
1. The root that means “cell” is:
(a) spher
(b) cyt
(c) fibr
(d) gen
2. The root that means “tissue” is:
(a) hist
(b) cellul
(c) cyst
(d) hem
3. The control center of the cell is the:
(a) membrane
(b) ribosome
(c) virus
(d) nucleus
4. The process of body cell division is called:
(a) separation
(b) segregation
(c) mitosis
(d) gestation
5. A compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction
is a(n):
(a) gene
(b) salt
(c) enzyme
(d) mineral
6. The substance that makes up the cell’s genetic material
is:
(a) DNA
(b) protein
(c) acid
(d) base
7. Chemicals: cells: tissues: __________: systems:
organism. What belongs in the blank?
(a) organs
(b) genes
(c) enzymes
(d) nuclei
8. The root morph/o means:
(a) reproduction
(b) fat
(c) form
(d) balance
1. The root that means “cell” is:
(a) spher
(b) cyt
(c) fibr
(d) gen
2. The root that means “tissue” is:
(a) hist
(b) cellul
(c) cyst
(d) hem
3. The control center of the cell is the:
(a) membrane
(b) ribosome
(c) virus
(d) nucleus
4. The process of body cell division is called:
(a) separation
(b) segregation
(c) mitosis
(d) gestation
5. A compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction
is a(n):
(a) gene
(b) salt
(c) enzyme
(d) mineral
6. The substance that makes up the cell’s genetic material
is:
(a) DNA
(b) protein
(c) acid
(d) base
7. Chemicals: cells: tissues: __________: systems:
organism. What belongs in the blank?
(a) organs
(b) genes
(c) enzymes
(d) nuclei
8. The root morph/o means:
(a) reproduction
(b) fat
(c) form
(d) balance