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Ch. 9: The Cellular Basis of Inheritance (Mitosis & Meiosis)
-Describe how cell reproduction contributes to repair and growth.
-Analyze growth in three different organisms.
-Contrast two ways that organisms reproduce (sexual/asexual).
9.1
-Draw and describe chromosome structure.
-List, explain, and sketch the important events of each stage of the cell cycle.
-Distinguish between chromatin, chromosome, and chromatids.
9.2
-Understand that mitosis (& its stages) is part of the cell cycle.
-List, summarize, and sketch the major events that occur during each phase of mitosis.
-Explain how cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells.
9.3
–Relate cancer to the lack of control of the cell’s cycle.
-Compare benign and malignant tumors.
-Identify several probable causes of cancer.
-Explain how cancer treatments, and their side effects, work at the cellular level.
9.4
-Describe how homologous chromosomes are alike and how they differ.
-Contrast haploid and diploid cells in words and sketches.
-Explain how the alternation of meiosis and fertilization keeps a species’ chromosome
number constant from generation to generation.
-Understand how the sex chromosomes of human females and males differ.
-Sketch and write a summary of the process of meiosis.
9.5
-Explain how chromosome assortment during meiosis increases genetic variation.
-Explain how crossing over contributes to genetic variation.
-Connect sexual reproduction to genetic variation.
-Explain how genetic variation affects the survival of species over time.
-Understand the history behind the discovery of chromosomes.
-Compare mitosis to meiosis via Venn diagram.
9.6
Ch. 9: The Cellular Basis of Inheritance
(Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis)
Mitosis
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-Describe how cell reproduction contributes to repair and growth.
-Analyze growth in three different organisms.
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-Contrast 2 ways that organisms reproduce (sexual vs. asexual).
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All organisms reproduce their own
kind.
The 5 Characteristics of Life
1. Made of cells
4. Reproduce
2. Grow & develop
3. Acquire energy
5. Respond to
environment
Cellular
Reproduction/Division
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Like all life processes,
reproduction has a cellular
basis.
Rudolf Virchow, a
German physician, put it
this way in 1855: "Where a
cell exists, there must
have been a preexisting
cell . . ."
Cell Division
The dividing of cells into more cells enables organisms to:
3. Produce
offspring
1. Repair damaged
cells
2. Grow
Morula
Repair
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Take a moment to look at the skin on
your arm. You might be surprised to
learn that the outermost layer of skin
is actually a layer of dead cells.
Underneath the surface layer are living
cells busily carrying out the chemical
reactions you studied in Unit 2.
The living cells are also engaged in
another vital activity: They are
reproducing.
The new cells gradually move outward
toward the skin's surface, replacing
dead cells that have rubbed off.
This renewal of your skin goes on
throughout your life.
Repair

When your skin
is injured,
additional cell
reproduction
helps heal the
wound.
Repair
Scar tissue
If the wound is too
deep or too wide,
scar tissue may
form
Growth

Another role of cell
division is growth—
simply increasing in size
from a baby to a child to
an adult.
Growth

All of the trillions of cells in your body result from cell
reproduction, a series of cell divisions that began with a single
fertilized egg cell.
Cell division
•repairs damaged cells and replaces dead cells
•causes growth and development in the organism
•creates new organisms (asexual or sexual reproduction)
Asexual Reproduction

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While the production of new
cells can result in growth and
repair within organisms, cell
division also has an essential role
in the reproduction of entire
organisms.
Some organisms reproduce by
simple cell division, in which a
single cell or group of cells each
duplicates its genetic material and
then splits into 2 new genetically
identical cells (clones).
This process, which is known as
asexual reproduction, produces
offspring that inherit all their
genetic material from just 1
parent.
-2 daughter cells form
-the cells are clones
Asexual Reproduction
the production of 2 new daughter cells (clones)
Asexual Reproduction
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As a result, the offspring are
genetically identical to one another
and to their parent. They are
clones.
Single-celled organisms such as
Paramecium usually reproduce this
way.
One scientist calculated that if all
the progeny of a single Paramecium
survived, assuming a division rate
of once a day, then after 113 days,
the mass of paramecia would equal
the volume of the Earth!
Asexual Reproduction

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Many multicellular organisms
can also reproduce asexually
at certain times. For example,
some sea stars, when divided
into two pieces, can regrow
into two whole new
individuals through simple
cell division.
And if you've ever grown a
geranium from a leaf cutting,
you've taken advantage of
the plant's ability to
reproduce asexually.
Asexual Reproduction
Leaf Cutting
Sexual Reproduction

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In contrast, when 2 parents are involved in the production of offspring,
the process is called sexual reproduction.
In sexual reproduction genetic material from each of 2 parents
combines, producing offspring that differ genetically from either parent.
Sexual Reproduction

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Sexual reproduction
involves the union of sex
cells, such as an egg and
a sperm.
These cells are produced
by a specialized kind of
cell division that you'll
read about later in the
chapter (MEIOSIS).
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
•Growth
•Repair
•2 parents & their gametes
•1 parent
•Involves meiosis
•“Clones”
•Cells
•Utilizes haploid egg & sperm
•Involves mitosis
•5 C’s of life
•Unique new organism
•Produces diploid cells
9.1 Online Review
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5 Characteristics of Life; Biology Overview
Bottle Biology Activity
Characteristics of Life Quiz
Cell Division: Growth & Repair: 1, 2, 3, 4
Asexual Reproduction
Leaf Cutting Animation
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction Quiz
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