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Collins I 5 lines • Explain five characteristics that all living things share – Use complete sentences Study of Biology What is Biology? • Biology things is the study of all living • Living things are called organisms • Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the Cell 2. They Reproduce 3. All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 4. Grow & Develop Common Characteristics 5. Obtain & Use Materials & Energy 6. Respond To Their Environment 7. Maintain A Stable Internal Environment 8. AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time Characteristics of Organisms All Organisms are made of Cells Facts About Cells • Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism • All cells contain living material called cytoplasm • All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell More Cell Facts • Cells are complex & highly organized • Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars More Cell Facts • The simplest cells • • are called Prokaryotes These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Bacteria are examples More Cell Facts • More complex cells • • are called Eukaryotes These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells • Unicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell • Multicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits Two Types of Reproduction • Sexual Reproduction – Involves 2 parents – Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE – Offspring DIFFERENT from parents Two Types of Reproduction • Asexual Reproduction – Involves a single organism or cell – Cell divides – Offspring IDENTICAL to parent Cells Have a Genetic Code Genetic Code • DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms – All organisms contain DNA – DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work Organisms Grow & Develop Growth & Development • Organisms grow by • producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism Cells Require Food & Energy Food Requirements • Autotrophs can make • • their own food Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs use chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their energy Food Requirements • Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food • They must consume other organisms – Herbivores eat plants – Carnivores eat meat – Omnivores eat plants & animals Metabolism • Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism • All require energy • Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth Metabolism • Cellular Respiration –Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O Organisms Respond to Stimuli • Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce Homeostasis • Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) of The Cell or Organism Within the ranges required for LIFE • Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. Living Things Evolve • Groups Of • Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms Life is Organized on Several Levels Levels of organization • Atoms • Molecules • Organelles • Cells – life starts here • • • • Tissues Organs System Organism Exit out • White board exit out • No name • Put the number and the letter answer that is correct