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Cells III Cells Part III Cell Theory 1. The cell is the smallest unit of life. 2. All organisms are made from one or more cells. 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells. Schleiden & Schwann All cells have: Cell membrane Surrounds, contains, protects Cytoplasm “Cell gel” fills interior of cell Ribosomes Help make proteins for cells DNA Contains instructions for cell As you study cell parts: What does it look like? What is its function? What other organelles does it work with? How does the structure of this organelle allow it to do its job? Is it in animals? Plants? Both? Animal Cell Plant Cells Plant Cell Plants have specialized organelles not found in animal cells: Rigid cell wall: support Chloroplasts: capture energy from sun Large vacuole: storage (water, sugars) Chloroplast: Use sunlight to make sugars Photosynthesis Chloroplasts Plant Cell Vacuole: Stores water and food Plant Cell Walls: Support and Protection A few examples of specialized cells from complex organisms Elodea (400 X) photosynthesize Dividing Onion Root Tip with DNA visible as cluster Neuron Heart muscle cells beat > 5 billion times in a lifetime! Egg cell surrounded by sperm 2-cell embryo - first division after fertilization (This one will become a sea urchin) Red Blood Cell: specialized to transport oxygen to other cells White Blood Cell: Protects the body from Invaders Great sites for cell biology: www.cellsalive.com http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/be gin/cells/
