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prepared by Mark Hollier,
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
CHAPTER
3
Cells:
The Living
Units
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basic functional unit of living
organisms is the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
element
organism
cell
organ
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basic functional unit of living
organisms is the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
element
organism
cell
organ
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The three main components of all cells
include the plasma membrane, the nucleus,
and the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
DNA
cytoplasm
organelle
cell wall
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The three main components of all cells
include the plasma membrane, the nucleus,
and the __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
DNA
cytoplasm
organelle
cell wall
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Phospholipids orient themselves in
aqueous solutions such that __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the polar heads are pointed toward the center of
the membrane
the nonpolar tails are oriented toward the interior of
the cell, next to the cytoplasm
the polar heads and nonpolar tails alternate facing
inward
the polar heads face the interior and exterior of the
cell with the tails forming the center of the
membrane
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Phospholipids orient themselves in
aqueous solutions such that __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the polar heads are pointed toward the center of
the membrane
the nonpolar tails are oriented toward the interior of
the cell, next to the cytoplasm
the polar heads and nonpolar tails alternate facing
inward
the polar heads face the interior and exterior of
the cell with the tails forming the center of the
membrane
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell might increase its membrane fluidity
(flexibility) by increasing the amount of
_________ in the cell membrane.
a)
b)
c)
d)
unsaturated fatty acids
lipid rafts
saturated fatty acids
proteins
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell might increase its membrane fluidity
(flexibility) by increasing the amount of
_________ in the cell membrane.
a)
b)
c)
d)
unsaturated fatty acids
lipid rafts
saturated fatty acids
proteins
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In areas of the body subject to a higher
degree of mechanical stress, which of the
following types of membrane junctions
would you expect to be most prevalent?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Desmosomes
Microvilli
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In areas of the body subject to a higher
degree of mechanical stress, which of the
following types of membrane junctions
would you expect to be most prevalent?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Desmosomes
Microvilli
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Based on your knowledge of the cell
membrane's chemistry, where would steroid
hormones most likely interact with their
target cell?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Through interaction with an integral membrane
protein
Inside the target cell's cytoplasm or nucleus
Steroid hormones don't interact with target cells
On the exterior surface of the cell
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Based on your knowledge of the cell
membrane's chemistry, where would steroid
hormones most likely interact with their
target cell?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Through interaction with an integral membrane
protein
Inside the target cell's cytoplasm or nucleus
Steroid hormones don't interact with target cells
On the exterior surface of the cell
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A red blood cell placed into a container of
distilled water will ________ water via
____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
gain; diffusion
gain; osmosis
lose; diffusion
lose; osmosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A red blood cell placed into a container of
distilled water will ________ water via
____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
gain; diffusion
gain; osmosis
lose; diffusion
lose; osmosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not an example of
simple diffusion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gas exchange in our lungs
A dissolving sugar cube
Popcorn odor permeating the room
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not an example of
simple diffusion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gas exchange in our lungs
A dissolving sugar cube
Popcorn odor permeating the room
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When movement of Na+ ions down their
concentration gradient drives the transport
of other substances across the cell
membrane, it is called ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
primary active transport
secondary active transport
vesicular transport
pumping
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When movement of Na+ ions down their
concentration gradient drives the transport
of other substances across the cell
membrane, it is called ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
primary active transport
secondary active transport
vesicular transport
pumping
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cells that store large quantities of
chemicals to be released do so in structures
called ____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
snares
docking sacs
fusion sacs
vesicles
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cells that store large quantities of
chemicals to be released do so in structures
called ____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
snares
docking sacs
fusion sacs
vesicles
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In areas of the body exposed to the external
environment and pathogens, such as in the
lungs, which type of vesicular transport
would you expect to be most prevalent?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Exocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In areas of the body exposed to the external
environment and pathogens, such as in the
lungs, which type of vesicular transport
would you expect to be most prevalent?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Exocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The sodium-potassium pump __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
pumps Na+ and K+ out of the cell
pumps Na+ and K+ into the cell
pumps Na+ into and K+ out of the cell
pumps Na+ out of and K+ into the cell
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The sodium-potassium pump __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
pumps Na+ and K+ out of the cell
pumps Na+ and K+ into the cell
pumps Na+ into and K+ out of the cell
pumps Na+ out of and K+ into the cell
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a function of CAMs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Anchor the cell to other cells and the extracellular
matrix
SOS signals
Maintain the membrane potential
Mechanical sensors
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a function of CAMs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Anchor the cell to other cells and the extracellular
matrix
SOS signals
Maintain the membrane potential
Mechanical sensors
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is a second messenger?
a)
b)
c)
d)
An intracellular chemical signal
A G protein
An extracellular chemical signal
A membrane receptor
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is a second messenger?
a)
b)
c)
d)
An intracellular chemical signal
A G protein
An extracellular chemical signal
A membrane receptor
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the fluid component between the
plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
called?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Organelles
Cytosol
Cytoplasm
Inclusions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the fluid component between the
plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
called?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Organelles
Cytosol
Cytoplasm
Inclusions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which organelle contains enzymes that
detoxifies harmful substances?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Inclusions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which organelle contains enzymes that
detoxifies harmful substances?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Inclusions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
You would expect that cells that expend a
great deal of energy, such as skeletal
muscle cells, would have increased
quantities of ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
peroxisomes
mitochondria
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
You would expect that cells that expend a
great deal of energy, such as skeletal
muscle cells, would have increased
quantities of ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
peroxisomes
mitochondria
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Intensely biosynthetic secretory cells such
as neurons would be expected to have
greater amounts of _________ than other
cells.
a)
b)
c)
d)
centrioles
lysosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
peroxisomes
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Intensely biosynthetic secretory cells such
as neurons would be expected to have
greater amounts of _________ than other
cells.
a)
b)
c)
d)
centrioles
lysosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
peroxisomes
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The presence of which of the following
cytoskeletal elements endows cilia with the
ability to move and bend?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Actin filaments
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The presence of which of the following
cytoskeletal elements endows cilia with the
ability to move and bend?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Actin filaments
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following cell types does not
possess a nucleus at maturity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Skeletal muscle cells
Red blood cells
Bone destruction cells
Liver cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following cell types does not
possess a nucleus at maturity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Skeletal muscle cells
Red blood cells
Bone destruction cells
Liver cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What protein complex holds newly
replicated chromatin strands together?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Centromere
Replication bubble
Cohesin
Histones
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What protein complex holds newly
replicated chromatin strands together?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Centromere
Replication bubble
Cohesin
Histones
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During which stage of the cell's life cycle is
DNA replicated?
a)
b)
c)
d)
G1
S
G2
M
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During which stage of the cell's life cycle is
DNA replicated?
a)
b)
c)
d)
G1
S
G2
M
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The ________ stage of the neuron cell cycle
is the reason that permanent muscle
paralysis occurs.
a)
b)
c)
d)
interphase
G0
G2
G1
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The ________ stage of the neuron cell cycle
is the reason that permanent muscle
paralysis occurs.
a)
b)
c)
d)
interphase
G0
G2
G1
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The main function of DNA is to dictate
___________ production.
a)
b)
c)
d)
protein
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The main function of DNA is to dictate
___________ production.
a)
b)
c)
d)
protein
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
____________ is the process whereby
protein is made.
a)
b)
c)
d)
DNA replication
Translation
Transcription
mRNA editing
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
____________ is the process whereby
protein is made.
a)
b)
c)
d)
DNA replication
Translation
Transcription
mRNA editing
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Every three nucleotides in a gene code for
_________ amino acid(s).
a)
b)
c)
d)
three
two
one
zero
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Every three nucleotides in a gene code for
_________ amino acid(s).
a)
b)
c)
d)
three
two
one
zero
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The molecule along which ribosomes slide
to dictate protein production is _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a nucleotide
DNA
transfer RNA
messenger RNA
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The molecule along which ribosomes slide
to dictate protein production is _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a nucleotide
DNA
transfer RNA
messenger RNA
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is autophagy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Digesting bits of cytoplasm and excess organelles
Degrading excess extracellular materials
Degrading excess soluble cytosolic proteins
Removing excess cells during development
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is autophagy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Digesting bits of cytoplasm and excess
organelles
Degrading excess extracellular materials
Degrading excess soluble cytosolic proteins
Removing excess cells during development
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Proteasomes are important in _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
producing cellular secretions
replicating DNA
destroying soluble cytoplasmic proteins
protein synthesis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Proteasomes are important in _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
producing cellular secretions
replicating DNA
destroying soluble cytoplasmic proteins
protein synthesis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cell differentiation occurs when early
embryonic cells _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
cut out part of the DNA and destroy it
switch off certain unneeded genes
separate and form the different parts of the body
die in the process of apoptosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cell differentiation occurs when early
embryonic cells _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
cut out part of the DNA and destroy it
switch off certain unneeded genes
separate and form the different parts of the body
die in the process of apoptosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Apoptosis, or "programmed cell death," is
_________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
abnormal
responsible for removing unnecessary tissue
dangerous
responsible for creating twins
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Apoptosis, or "programmed cell death," is
_________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
abnormal
responsible for removing unnecessary tissue
dangerous
responsible for creating twins
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.