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MUH 2017 “Survey of Rock Music” (Summer “B” 2012, Class # 50585) Instructor: Scott Warfield, Assoc. Prof. Classroom Building 1, Room 121 8:00 am-9:50 am (Mon-Tues-Wed-Thurs) TEST # 1 • • • • One week from today : Monday, 9 July 2012 (8:00 am) Bring Scantrons & pencils Picture ID & know your PID (or be penalized) Covers anything assigned to date: - Textbook: Intro & chapter 1 - Class Lectures (including songs on YouTube links) - Podcasts (Publisher web site) • Approximately 50-75 multiple-choice or T/F questions; some related to sound examples • My review sheets to be posted soon on course web site • Counts 10% of course grade Reminders: Some Important Web Pages • My home web page : Scott Warfield's Home page • MUH 2017 home web page : MUH 2017 - Survey of Rock (see especially “Daily Assignments”) • Newcomers bookmark and read these pages Robert Johnson • Short life (1911-1938) • Limited recordings (1936-37) • Extreme technique • Very influential on rock guitarists of 1960s • Ex. YouTube - Roots of Blues -- Robert Johnson „Cross Road Blues" Chicago Blues • Performance in Urban Environments (Bars, Clubs) • Chess Records (“raw sound”) - Amplification (distortion) - “raw” sound • Howlin Wolf: Ex. Howling Wolf Evil (Is Going On).wmv YouTube (textbook, p. 62), Ex. YouTube - Howlin' Wolf How Many More Years • Muddy Waters: Ex. muddy waters i just want to make love to you - YouTube • Bo Diddley: Ex. Bo Diddley - I'm A Man (live 1959) - YouTube Black Gospel to Doo Wop • Church as center of Black Community • Emphasis on Vocal Praise • “Doo Wop” - a cappella (no instruments) - “street corner” groups • The Chords - Sh-Boom – YouTube (textbook, p. 13) • The Crew Cuts - Sh Boom Sh Boom - YouTube Louis Jordan (1908-1975) • “Jump” – small bands after WWII • “Tympany Five” (actually 6) • Very popular w/ white audiences (“crossover”) - “King of the Jukebox” • Ex. “Choo Choo Ch’Boogie” (1946) (# 1 on R&B, # 7 on Pop) YouTube - Louis Jordan - Choo choo ch'boogie • Ex. “Caldonia” (1945) (#1 on R&B, #6 on Pop) YouTube - Caldonia / Louis Jordan • “Grandfather of Rock ‘n Roll” Louis Jordan (alto sax at right) Big Joe Turner (1911-1985) • • • • Kansas City “The Singing Barman” “Blues Shouter” Appears w/ boogie woogie pianists & big bands • National performer & recording artist • “earthy” lyrics • Ex. Big JoeTurner - Shake, Rattle, and Roll (1954) – YouTube (textbook, p. 69) Music Terminology Some Useful Terms for Describing Music (also see Covach Podcasts) What is “Music”? “Organized Sounds and Silences” --John Cage What can you organize? • The 4 Parameters of Sound • Pitch = the frequency of vibration (heard as “high” vs. “low”) • Duration = the length of time a sound lasts (heard as aspects of rhythm) • Timbre = tone color (the source of the sound, i.e., instrument, voice, other) • Dynamics = Loudness/Softness TIMBRE • Pronounced “tam-ber” • Also known as “tone color” • The aspect of sound that makes a guitar different from a saxophone • Literally, the source of a sound • Technically derives from the “shape” of the sound wave [don’t need to know this] Sources of Musical Sounds • Human Voices (probably the earliest way humans made music) • Musical Instruments (devices or “tools” for making and controlling sounds) • “Other” sources, e.g., “natural” sounds, electronic devices (synthesizers), etc. “RHYTHM” • From a Greek word (“rhythmos”) that means “flow” • Refers to all temporal (durational) elements in a piece of music • “The organization of time in music, dividing up long spans of time into smaller, more easily comprehended units” Some Terms related to Rhythm • Beat – regular, unchanging pulse • Accent – emphasis on a beat (or other) • Meter – measurement of time in regular groupings of beats (textbook, p. 12) • Measure or Bar – one group in a Meter - can be Duple, Triple, or Quadruple • Division of beats can be Simple (2) or Compound (3) • Tempo – speed of the beat See Textbook (p. 11) PITCH • Function of “frequency” (how many vibrations per second) • Usually described as “high” or “low” • Individual sound sometimes called a “note” (from the written symbol for a single sound) • Range of human hearing 20 – 20,000 Hz Some Useful Terms related to Pitch • Interval – “distance” between 2 pitches • Octave – 2:1 ratio of frequency • Tonality – organization around home pitch • Tonic – the home pitch • Key – collection of pitches around a tonal center • Scale – set of pitches in ascending and descending order (scala [Ital.] = “ladder”) Rock Scale types • • • • • Use only some of all the available pitches Series of whole and half steps (7 notes) Major – sounds “bright,” “cheery” Minor – sounds “dark,” “somber” Pentatonic – uses only 5 notes - Major or Minor Harmony (Some Useful terms) • Chord – 2 or more simultaneous pitches • Triad – 3-note chord • Tonic (I) – chord on home note (name of scale or “key”) • Dominant (V) – chord on 5th note of scale • Subdominant (IV) – chord on 4th note of scale • Consonant / Consonance – “pleasant” combinations of sounds (subjective) • Dissonant / Dissonance – “unpleasant” combinations of sounds (subjective) Musical Form • The basic organizing principal in music • “What comes next?” • Three basic elements Repetition – the same thing Contrast – something new Variation – a mix of old and new Melodic Structure • Similar to Speech (words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc.) • Musical PHRASE – coherent subdivision of a larger unit (similar to sentences or clauses in speech) • CADENCE – resting point at the end of a phrase (full or partial, cf. punctuation marks, periods, commas, etc.) Some Formal Patterns • Alternating sections - Verse (same music, but changing words) - Chorus (same music & words; “refrain”) • “Song Form” – usually 4 equal phrases - A A B A or A A’ B A” or AABC, ABCD, etc. - Bridge (3rd phrase) often contrasts harmonically • 12-Bar Blues – 3 phrases repeated over and over A - statement A’ - restatement (intensification) B – conclusion • Call-Response