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Geography of Mesopotamia Location • Located in the presentday country of Iraq • Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers • It was approximately 300 miles long and 150 miles wide The land between two rivers Place • Northern Mesopotamia is made up of hills and plains • The land is quite fertile due to seasonal rains, and the rivers and streams flowing from the mountains. • Southern Mesopotamia is made up of marshy areas and wide, flat, barren plains Region • Today commonly known as the Middle East • Also Known as the Near East • The climate was hot and humid with unpredictable floods Movement • Farmers and fishermen started to settle the Mesopotamian plain around 5,500 B.C.E • Small villages grew into large settlements Human-Environment Interaction • The land consisted of marshes and channels that provided food, protection, and life to the people. • The farmers learned to control the flooding to some degree. • The fertile land along the rivers produced such crops as wheat, barley, sesame, flax, and various fruits and vegetables